ArticleJournal of virology2004
Evaluation of the functional involvement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase in nuclear import of viral cDNA during acute infection.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Multimodal Functionalities of HIV-1 Integrase.Viruses · 2022Review
- Alpha-enolase in viral target cells suppresses the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- Viral protein X unlocks the nuclear pore complex through a human Nup153-dependent pathway to promote nuclear translocation of the lentiviral genome.Molecular biology of the cell · 2020Article
- Histone deacetylase 1 interacts with HIV-1 Integrase and modulates viral replication.Virology journal · 2019Article
- Critical Contribution of Tyr15 in the HIV-1 Integrase (IN) in Facilitating IN Assembly and Nonenzymatic Function through the IN Precursor Form with Reverse Transcriptase.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Retroviral DNA Integration.Chemical reviews · 2016Review
- Fate of HIV-1 cDNA intermediates during reverse transcription is dictated by transcription initiation site of virus genomic RNA.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Interaction between Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Is Required for Reverse Transcription during HIV-1 Replication.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Article
- Natural single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' region of the HIV-1 pol gene modulate viral replication ability.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- LEDGINs inhibit late stage HIV-1 replication by modulating integrase multimerization in the virions.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Comprehensive in vitro analysis of simian retrovirus type 4 susceptibility to antiretroviral agents.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase negatively regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Correlation of recombinant integrase activity and functional preintegration complex formation during acute infection by replication-defective integrase mutant human immunodeficiency virus.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Contribution of host nucleoporin 62 in HIV-1 integrase chromatin association and viral DNA integration.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- The HIV-1 passage from cytoplasm to nucleus: the process involving a complex exchange between the components of HIV-1 and cellular machinery to access nucleus and successful integration.International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology · 2012Article
- The 156KELK159 tetrapeptide of HIV-1 integrase is critical for lentiviral gene integration.Molecular biology reports · 2012Article
- Impairment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase SUMOylation correlates with an early replication defect.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Non-Enzymatic Functions of Retroviral Integrase: The Next Target for Novel Anti-HIV Drug Development.Frontiers in microbiology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nuclear import of viral cDNA is a critical step for establishing the proviral state of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The contribution of HIV-1 integrase (IN) to the nuclear import of viral cDNA is controversial, partly due to a lack of identification of its bona fide nuclear localization signal. In this study, to address this putative function of HIV-1 IN, the effects of mutations at key residues for viral cDNA recognition (PYNP at positions 142 to 145, K156, K159, and K160) were evaluated in the context of viral replication. During acute infection, some mutations (N144Q, PYNP>KL, and KKK>AAA) severely reduced viral gene expression to less than 1% the wild-type (WT) level. None of the mutations affected the synthesis of viral cDNA. Meanwhile, the levels of integrated viral cDNA produced by N144Q, PYNP>KL, and KKK>AAA mutants were severely reduced to less than 1% the WT level. Quantitative PCR analysis of viral cDNA in nuclei and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that these mutations significantly reduced the level of viral cDNA accumulation in nuclei. Further analysis revealed that IN proteins carrying the N144Q, PYNP>KL, and KKK>AAA mutations showed severely reduced binding to viral cDNA but kept their karyophilic properties. Taken together, these results indicate that mutations that reduced the binding of IN to viral cDNA resulted in severe impairment of virus infectivity, most likely by affecting the nuclear import of viral cDNA that proceeds integration. These results suggest that HIV-1 IN may be one of the critical constituents for the efficient nuclear import of viral cDNA.
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