ArticleRetrovirology2004
Identification of endogenous retroviral reading frames in the human genome.
Article in Retrovirology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-Derived Domesticated Genes in Microglia and Resident Macrophages: Insights into Placenta-Driven Evolution in Mammals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Emerging Roles in Pathogenesis, Immunity, Biomarkers and Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A comprehensive annotation of conserved protein domains in human endogenous retroviruses.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Early human migration determines the risk of being attacked by wolves: ethnic gene diversity on the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2024Review
- Ribosomal profiling of human endogenous retroviruses in healthy tissues.BMC genomics · 2024Review
- Article
- Evolutionary conservation of an ancient retroviralJournal of virology · 2023Article
- TDP-43 Epigenetic Facets and Their Neurodegenerative Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Epigenetic priming improves salvage chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via endogenous retrovirus-induced cGAS-STING activation.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Cross-species transmission of an ancient endogenous retrovirus and convergent co-option of its envelope gene in two mammalian orders.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- An undergraduate genome research course using "big data".Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and human retroelements: a case for molecular mimicry?BMC genomic data · 2022Article
- A computational method for predicting nucleocapsid protein in retroviruses.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Alternative and aberrant splicing of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer. What about head and neck? -A mini review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- Emerging roles for endogenous retroviruses in immune epigenetic regulation.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise a large class of repetitive retroelements. Most HERVs are ancient and invaded our genome at least 25 million years ago, except for the evolutionary young HERV-K group. The far majority of the encoded genes are degenerate due to mutational decay and only a few non-HERV-K loci are known to retain intact reading frames. Additional intact HERV genes may exist, since retroviral reading frames have not been systematically annotated on a genome-wide scale.
resultsBy clustering of hits from multiple BLAST searches using known retroviral sequences we have mapped 1.1% of the human genome as retrovirus related. The coding potential of all identified HERV regions were analyzed by annotating viral open reading frames (vORFs) and we report 7836 loci as verified by protein homology criteria. Among 59 intact or almost-intact viral polyproteins scattered around the human genome we have found 29 envelope genes including two novel gammaretroviral types. One encodes a protein similar to a recently discovered zebrafish retrovirus (ZFERV) while another shows partial, C-terminal, homology to Syncytin (HERV-W/FRD).
conclusionsThis compilation of HERV sequences and their coding potential provide a useful tool for pursuing functional analysis such as RNA expression profiling and effects of viral proteins, which may, in turn, reveal a role for HERVs in human health and disease. All data are publicly available through a database at http://www.retrosearch.dk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.