Trial reportJournal of human hypertension2005
A randomized trial on sodium reduction in two developing countries.
Trial report in Journal of human hypertension, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04894344 (Education to Decrease in Sodium Intake in University Students Evaluated With 24 Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Education to Decrease in Sodium Intake in University Students Evaluated With 24 Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion: Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- The impact of interventions for the primary prevention of hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions addressing risk factors of ischaemic heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- A community programme to reduce salt intake and blood pressure in Ghana [ISRCTN88789643].BMC public health · 2006Trial
- Association of Dietary Sodium and Potassium With Blood Pressure and Proteinuria in Africans With Kidney Disease.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Review
- The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation.F1000Research · 2022Article
- Urinary sodium excretion and its association with blood pressure in Nigeria: A nationwide population survey.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- Salt intakes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-regression.Population health metrics · 2016Article
- The significance of duration and amount of sodium reduction intervention in normotensive and hypertensive individuals: a meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2015Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Durame Town, Southern Ethiopia.PloS one · 2014Article
- Patterns of sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure in the African Diaspora.Journal of human hypertension · 2012Article
- Gender differences in adherence to the sodium-restricted diet in patients with heart failure.Journal of cardiac failure · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypertension remains the most common cardiovascular risk factor in developing countries, yet the majority of patients have no access to pharmacological therapy. Population-wide preventive strategies, such as salt restriction, are an attractive alternative, but experience in resource-poor settings is limited. To address this question, we conducted a randomized crossover study of salt restriction in adults living in Nigeria and Jamaica in order to estimate the mean blood pressure (BP) response. After a 4-week run-in period to determine willingness to adhere to a low-salt diet, 56 Jamaicans and 58 Nigerians completed an 8-week crossover study of low-salt and high-salt intake. Baseline BPs were in the normotensive range (systolic=125 mmHg in Jamaica, 114 mmHg in Nigeria). Baseline urinary sodium excretion was 86.8 and 125.6 mEq/day in Nigeria and Jamaica, respectively. The mean difference between urinary sodium excretion at baseline and at the end of the 3-week low-sodium phase was 33.6 mEq/day in Nigeria and 57.5 mEq/day in Jamaica. During the high-sodium phase, mean change in urinary sodium excretion from baseline to week 3 was 35.0 and 5.5 mEq/day in Nigeria and Jamaica, respectively. The mean change in systolic BP ('high' vs 'low' sodium phase) was approximately 5 mmHg in both groups. This study suggests that the efficacy of sodium reduction in developing countries equals those noted in more affluent cultures. If promoted on a wide scale, sodium reduction could be used to treat persons with established hypertension, and more importantly, to prevent age-related increases in BP in poor communities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
15470483What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.