ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activities encoded by Penelope-like retroelements.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modular determinants of cleavage preference in GIY-YIG nucleases revealed by block-based DNA shuffling and directed evolution.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Bioinformatic Annotation of Transposon DNA Processing Genes on the Long-Read Genome Assembly ofBioinformatics and biology insights · 2024Article
- An Ancient Clade of Penelope-Like Retroelements with Permuted Domains Is Present in the Green Lineage and Protists, and Dominates Many Invertebrate Genomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Novel ribozymes: discovery, catalytic mechanisms, and the quest to understand biological function.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Eukaryotic penelope-like retroelements encode hammerhead ribozyme motifs.Molecular biology and evolution · 2014Article
- Homing endonucleases: from genetic anomalies to programmable genomic clippers.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2014Review
- Article
- The monomeric GIY-YIG homing endonuclease I-BmoI uses a molecular anchor and a flexible tether to sequentially nick DNA.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- The endonuclease Ankle1 requires its LEM and GIY-YIG motifs for DNA cleavage in vivo.Journal of cell science · 2012Article
- Crypton transposons: identification of new diverse families and ancient domestication events.Mobile DNA · 2011Article
- Hpy188I-DNA pre- and post-cleavage complexes--snapshots of the GIY-YIG nuclease mediated catalysis.Nucleic acids research · 2011Article
- Divalent metal ion differentially regulates the sequential nicking reactions of the GIY-YIG homing endonuclease I-BmoI.PloS one · 2011Article
- Folding, DNA recognition, and function of GIY-YIG endonucleases: crystal structures of R.Eco29kI.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2010Article
- A unified genetic, computational and experimental framework identifies functionally relevant residues of the homing endonuclease I-BmoI.Nucleic acids research · 2010Article
- Amino acid residues in the GIY-YIG endonuclease II of phage T4 affecting sequence recognition and binding as well as catalysis.Journal of bacteriology · 2008Article
- The diversity of retrotransposons and the properties of their reverse transcriptases.Virus research · 2008Review
- Molecular dissection of Penelope transposable element regulatory machinery.Nucleic acids research · 2008Article
- Transposable elements as drivers of genomic and biological diversity in vertebrates.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2008Review
- The beginning of the end: links between ancient retroelements and modern telomerases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2007Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Penelope-like elements are a class of retroelement that have now been identified in >50 species belonging to at least 10 animal phyla. The Penelope element isolated from Drosophila virilis is the only transpositionally active representative of this class isolated so far. The single ORF of Penelope and its relatives contains regions homologous to a reverse transcriptase of atypical structure and to the GIY-YIG, or Uri, an endonuclease (EN) domain not previously found in retroelements. We have expressed the single ORF of Penelope in a baculovirus expression system and have shown that it encodes a polyprotein with reverse transcriptase activity that requires divalent cations (Mn2+ and Mg2+). We have also expressed and purified the EN domain in Escherichia coli and have demonstrated that it has EN activity in vitro. Mutations in the conserved residues of the EN catalytic module abolish its nicking activity, whereas the DNA-binding properties of the mutant proteins remain unaffected. Only one strand of the target sequence is cleaved, and there is a certain degree of cleavage specificity. We propose that the Penelope EN cleaves the target DNA during transposition, generating a primer for reverse transcription. Our results show that an active Uri EN has been adopted by a retrotransposon.
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