ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2004
Transgenic analysis reveals that thyroid hormone receptor is sufficient to mediate the thyroid hormone signal in frog metamorphosis.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding thyroid hormone receptor function in controlling developmental timing and rate in Xenopus: A journey from biochemistry and molecular biology to genetics.General and comparative endocrinology · 2026Review
- The dual function model revisited by thyroid hormone receptor knockouts: Unliganded state controlling the initiation of adult organ development while liganded state ensuring larval tissue resorption during metamorphosis.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- An in silico to in vivo approach identifies retinoid-X receptor activating tert-butylphenols used in food contact materials.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Thyroid hormone receptor subtype-specific function in controlling organ-specific developmental timing and rate duringFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Functions and Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Action During Amphibian Development.Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That Excessive Thyroid Hormone Signaling Impairs Phototransduction and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Induces Cellular Stress in Mouse Cone Photoreceptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Intestinal remodeling during Xenopus metamorphosis as a model for studying thyroid hormone signaling and adult organogenesis.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- Steroid-receptor coactivator complexes in thyroid hormone-regulation of Xenopus metamorphosis.Vitamins and hormones · 2023Article
- Essential and subtype-dependent function of thyroid hormone receptors during Xenopus metamorphosis.Vitamins and hormones · 2023Review
- Cell cycle activation in thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis and stem cell development duringFrontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Upregulation of proto-oncogene ski by thyroid hormone in the intestine and tail during Xenopus metamorphosis.General and comparative endocrinology · 2022Article
- Review
- Retinoid-X receptor agonists increase thyroid hormone competence in lower jaw remodeling of pre-metamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles.PloS one · 2022Article
- Life Without Thyroid Hormone Receptor.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Article
- The development of adult intestinal stem cells: Insights from studies on thyroid hormone-dependent anuran metamorphosis.Vitamins and hormones · 2021Article
- Axial Skeletal Malformations in Genetically ModifiedComparative medicine · 2020Article
- Thyroid hormone directly activates mitochondrial fission process 1 (Mtfp1) gene transcription during adult intestinal stem cell development and proliferation in Xenopus tropicalis.General and comparative endocrinology · 2020Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) has long been known to be important for vertebrate development and adult organ function. Whereas thyroid hormone receptor (TR) knockout and transgenic studies of mice have implicated TR involvement in mammalian development, the underlying molecular bases for the resulting phenotypes remain to be determined in vivo, especially considering that T3 is known to have both genomic, i.e., through TRs, and nongenomic effects on cells. Amphibian metamorphosis is an excellent model for studying the role of TR in vertebrate development because of its total dependence on T3. Here we investigated the role of TR in metamorphosis by developing a dominant positive mutant thyroid hormone receptor (dpTR). In the frog oocyte transcription system, dpTR bound a T3-responsive promoter and activated the promoter independently of T3. Transgenic expression of dpTR under the control of a heat shock-inducible promoter in premetamorphic tadpoles led to precocious metamorphic transformations. Molecular analyses showed that dpTR induced metamorphosis by specifically binding to known T3 target genes, leading to increased local histone acetylation and gene activation, similar to T3-bound TR during natural metamorphosis. Our experiments indicated that the metamorphic role of T3 is through genomic action of the hormone, at least on the developmental parameters tested. They further provide the first example where TR is shown to mediate directly and sufficiently these developmental effects of T3 in individual organs by regulating target gene expression in these organs.
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