Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15454466›Full record

ArticleBiophysical journal2004

Using single-particle tracking to study nuclear trafficking of viral genes.

Hazen P Babcock, Chen Chen, Xiaowei Zhuang

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyEvaluation StudyValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Biophysical journal, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Human MX1 orchestrates the cytoplasmic sequestration of neosynthesized influenza A virus vRNPs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Estimation of general time-varying single particle tracking linear models using local likelihood.Control Conference (ECC) ... European. European Control Conference · 2020
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Quantum dots crack the influenza uncoating puzzle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019
    Article
  17. Real-time dissection of dynamic uncoating of individual influenza viruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hazen P BabcockDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Chen Chen
Xiaowei Zhuang
Harvard University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The question of how genetic materials are trafficked in and out of the cell nucleus is a problem of great importance not only for understanding viral infections but also for advancing gene-delivery technology. Here we demonstrate a physical technique that allows gene trafficking to be studied at the single-gene level by combining sensitive fluorescence microscopy with microinjection. As a model system, we investigate the nuclear import of influenza genes, in the form of ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), by imaging single vRNPs in living cells in real time. Our single-particle trajectories show that vRNPs are transported to the nuclear envelope by diffusion. We have observed heterogeneous interactions between the vRNPs and nuclear pore complexes with dissociation rate constants spanning two orders of magnitude. Our single-particle tracking experiments also provided new insights into the regulation mechanisms for the nuclear import of vRNPs: the influenza M1 protein, a regulatory protein for the import process, downregulates the nuclear import of vRNPs by inhibiting the interactions between vRNPs and nuclear pore complexes but has no significant effect on the transport properties of vRNPs. We expect this single-particle tracking approach to find broad application in investigations of genetic trafficking.

Indexed as

Active Transport, Cell NucleusCell NucleusFlow CytometryFlow Injection AnalysisGenes, ViralImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMicroscopy, FluorescenceMicroscopy, VideoRibonucleoproteinsRibonucleoproteins

Identifiers

PMID15454466
PMCPMC1304693
OpenAlexW2151613351

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.