ReviewPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology2004
Osmotic regulation of renal betaine transport: transcription and beyond.
Review in Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007Trial
- Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics-induced neurotoxicity in adult male Swiss albino mice with amelioration of betaine: a histopathological, neurochemical, and molecular investigation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- The epigenetic signatures of opioid addiction and physical dependence are prevented by D-cysteine ethyl ester and betaine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Mannose and glycine: Metabolites with potentially causal implications in chronic kidney disease pathogenesis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Choline metabolites and incident cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort of adults: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Article
- Investigation of betaine as a novel psychotherapeutic for schizophrenia.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Choline.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Article
- Role of N-glycosylation in renal betaine transport.The Biochemical journal · 2015Article
- High homocysteine induces betaine depletion.Bioscience reports · 2015Article
- The putative Na⁺/Cl⁻-dependent neurotransmitter/osmolyte transporter inebriated in the Drosophila hindgut is essential for the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Article
- The betaine/GABA transporter and betaine: roles in brain, kidney, and liver.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Phosphatidylcholine and the CDP-choline cycle.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2013Review
- Effects of betaine on lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in mice and the involvement of GABA transporter 2.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2011Article
- Deletion of the betaine-GABA transporter (BGT1; slc6a12) gene does not affect seizure thresholds of adult mice.Epilepsy research · 2011Article
- Choline and betaine in health and disease.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cells in the kidney inner medulla are routinely exposed to high extracellular osmolarity during normal operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. One adaptation critical for survival in this environment is the intracellular accumulation of organic osmolytes to balance the osmotic stress. Betaine is an important osmolyte that is accumulated via the betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter (BGT1) in the basolateral plasma membrane of medullary epithelial cells. In response to hypertonic stress, there is transcriptional activation of the BGT1 gene, followed by trafficking and membrane insertion of BGT1 protein. Transcriptional activation, triggered by changes in ionic strength and water content, is an early response that is a key regulatory step and has been studied in detail. Recent studies suggest there are additional post-transcriptional regulatory steps in the pathway leading to upregulation of BGT1 transport, and that additional proteins are required for membrane insertion. Reversal of this adaptive process, upon removal of hypertonic stress, involves a rapid efflux of betaine through specific release pathways, a reduction in betaine influx, and a slower downregulation of BGT1 protein abundance. There is much more to be learned about many of these steps in BGT1 regulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.