ArticleJournal of virology2004
Multiple V1/V2 env variants are frequently present during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ultrasensitive single-genome sequencing reveals strong purifying selection in acute HIV-1 infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Plasma-Derived HIV-1 Virions Contain Considerable Levels of Defective Genomes.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Anti-V2 antibodies virus vulnerability revealed by envelope V1 deletion in HIV vaccine candidates.iScience · 2021Article
- Compartmentalization and Clonal Amplification of HIV-1 in the Male Genital Tract Characterized Using Next-Generation Sequencing.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Comparisons of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Variants in Blood and Genital Fluids near the Time of Male-to-Female Transmission.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Review: HIV-1 phylogeny during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- HIV evolution and diversity in ART-treated patients.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Identification of Unequally Represented Founder Viruses Among Tissues in Very Early SIV Rectal Transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Review: Influence of ART on HIV genetics.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2015Review
- Genetic shift of env V3 loop viral sequences in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder during antiretroviral therapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2013Article
- Article
- Mucosal tissue tropism and dissemination of HIV-1 subtype B acute envelope-expressing chimeric virus.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Viral RNA levels and env variants in semen and tissues of mature male rhesus macaques infected with SIV by penile inoculation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Genetic similarity of circulating and small intestinal virus at the end stage of acute pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- HIV transmission.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- Application of a case-control study design to investigate genotypic signatures of HIV-1 transmission.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Transmigration of macrophages across the choroid plexus epithelium in response to the feline immunodeficiency virus.Cell and tissue research · 2012Article
- Single-chain Fv-based anti-HIV proteins: potential and limitations.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Circulating virus load determines the size of bottlenecks in viral populations progressing within a host.PLoS pathogens · 2012Article
- Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exists as a complex population of multiple genotypic variants in persons with chronic infection. However, acute HIV-1 infection via sexual transmission is a low-probability event in which there is thought to be low genetic complexity in the initial inoculum. In order to assess the viral complexity present during primary HIV-1 infection, the V1/V2 and V3 variable regions of the env gene were examined by using a heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) capable of resolving these genotypic variants. Blood plasma samples from 26 primary HIV-1-infected subjects were analyzed for their level of diversity. Half of the subjects had more than one V1/V2 viral variant during primary infection, indicating the frequent transmission of multiple variants. This observation is inconsistent with the idea of infrequent transmission based on a small transmitting inoculum of cell-free virus. In chronically infected subjects, the complexity of the viral populations was even greater in both the V1/V2 and the V3 regions than in acutely infected subjects, indicating that in spite of the presence of multiple variants in acute infection, the virus does pass through a genetic bottleneck during transmission. We also examined how well the infecting virus penetrated different anatomical compartments by using the HTA. Viral variants detected in blood plasma were compared to those detected in seminal plasma and/or cerebral spinal fluid of six individuals. The virus in each of these compartments was to a large extent identical to virus in blood plasma, a finding consistent with rapid penetration of the infecting variant(s). The low-probability transmission of multiple variants could be the result of transient periods of hyperinfectiousness or hypersusceptibility. Alternatively, the inefficient transfer of a multiply infected cell could account for both the low probability of transmission and the transfer of multiple variants.
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