ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2004
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates 5-methylcytosine in DNA and is expressed in pluripotent tissues: implications for epigenetic reprogramming.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 217 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 480 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disrupting Mechanisms that Regulate Genomic Repeat Elements to Combat Cancer and Drug Resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Pooled it
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- AID induces intraclonal diversity and genomic damage in CD86(+) chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.European journal of immunology · 2014Trial
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase promotes DNA demethylation and expression of the Ninjurin-2 gene.Biology open · 2026Article
- AID and TET2 cooperate to demethylate Irf4 for plasma cell fate in germinal center B cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- ACSS2 upregulation enhances neuronal resilience to aging and tau-associated neurodegeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- APOBEC3-Related Editing and Non-Editing Determinants of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase in tertiary lymphoid structures: dual roles and implications in cancer prognosis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Ovulation sources ROS to confer mutagenic activities on the TP53 gene in the fallopian tube epithelium.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights into Phytochemicals Mediated Epigenetic Regulation in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Engineered deaminases as a key component of DNA and RNA editing tools.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Missing Causality and Heritability of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Modification of Cytosines in Hematopoietic Differentiation and Malignant Transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The off-target effects of AID in carcinogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Levels of base excision repair proteins in CD4Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Activation induced cytidine deaminase: An old friend with new faces.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Epigenetics and environment in breast cancer: New paradigms for anti-cancer therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- 5-methylcytosine turnover: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Activation-induced deaminase is critical for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns prior to the germinal center reaction.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Activation-induced cytidine deaminase is a possible regulator of cross-talk between oocytes and granulosa cells through GDF-9 and SCF feedback system.Scientific reports · 2021Article
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA deaminases of the Aid/Apobec family convert cytosine into uracil and play key roles in acquired and innate immunity. The epigenetic modification by methylation of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides is also mutagenic, but this is thought to occur by spontaneous deamination. Here we show that Aid and Apobec1 are 5-methylcytosine deaminases resulting in a thymine base opposite a guanine. Their action can thus lead to C --> T transition mutations in methylated DNA, or in conjunction with repair of the T:G mismatch, to demethylation. The Aid and Apobec1 genes are located in a cluster of pluripotency genes including Nanog and Stella and are co-expressed with these genes in oocytes, embryonic germ cells, and embryonic stem cells. These results suggest that Aid and perhaps some of its family members may have roles in epigenetic reprogramming and cell plasticity. Transition in CpG dinucleotides is the most frequent mutation in human genetic diseases, and sequence context analysis of CpG transitions in the APC tumor suppressor gene suggests that DNA deaminases may play a significant role in tumor etiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.