Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15388423›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2004

Combinations of adefovir with nucleoside analogs produce additive antiviral effects against hepatitis B virus in vitro.

William E Delaney, Huiling Yang, Michael D Miller, Craig S Gibbs, Shelly Xiong

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Combining Neratinib with CDK4/6, mTOR, and MEK Inhibitors in Models of HER2-positive Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021
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  19. Telbivudine.Drugs · 2007
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

William E DelaneyGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94402, USA. wdelaney@gilead.com
Huiling Yang
Michael D Miller
Craig S Gibbs
Shelly Xiong
Gilead Sciences (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Combination therapies may be required for long-term management of some patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Adefovir is a nucleotide analog that has similar activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV. In contrast to lamivudine, clinical resistance to the prodrug adefovir dipivoxil emerges infrequently. Based on its clinical efficacy and low frequency of resistance, adefovir dipivoxil may form an important component of combination regimens. We therefore investigated the in vitro antiviral efficacy of combinations of adefovir with other nucleoside analogs (lamivudine, entecavir, emtricitabine [FTC],and telbivudine [L-dT]) and the nucleotide analog tenofovir. Using a novel stable cell line that expresses high levels of wild-type HBV, we assayed the antiviral activity of each drug alone and in combination with adefovir. All two-drug combinations resulted in greater antiviral effects than treatments with single agents and could be characterized as additive by the Bliss independence model. Analysis using the Loewe additivity model indicated that adefovir exerted additive antiviral effects when combined with lamivudine, FTC, or L-dT and moderately synergistic effects when combined with entecavir or tenofovir. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity with any of the drugs when used alone or in combination at the tested doses.

Indexed as

AdenineAntiviral AgentsBlotting, SouthernCell LineCell SurvivalDrug CombinationsDrug SynergismHepatitis B virusHumansNucleosidesOrganophosphonatesadefovirAdenineAntiviral AgentsDrug CombinationsNucleosidesOrganophosphonates

Identifiers

PMID15388423
PMCPMC521873
OpenAlexW2096238612

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.