ArticleInflammation2004
A 771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, inhibits TNF-alpha and IL-1 from Kupffer cells.
Article in Inflammation, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leflunomide treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19: DEFEAT-COVID randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2023Trial
- Beyond the Prevention of Anti-drug Antibody Formation with Uricase Therapy: Mechanistic Roles of DMARDs in Modifying Gout Flare Risk.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Isoxazole Derivatives as Regulators of Immune Functions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Beneficial effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein on spinal cord injury recovery in the rat.Inflammation · 2012Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of NovelAmerican journal of biomedical sciences · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the importance of direct contact between Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatocytes (HCs) during the hepatic inflammatory responses, and the effect of leflunomide's active metabolite, A771726, on cytokines in KCs and HCs (DC cocultures) and KC cultures using an in vitro approach. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in monocultures of rats HCs and KCs were compared with DC cocultures. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) concentrations of different culture supernatants were measured with ELISA. TNF-alpha and IL-1 mRNA in KCs of inflammatory liver injury was analyzed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that DC cocultures exhibited the highest production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 compared with other cultures, and these cytokines were mainly produced by KCs, in particular activated KCs. Time course studies revealed an increased production of TNF-a preceding the IL-1 production, suggesting that increased TNF-alpha levels could be involved in the increased IL-1 production. Leflunomide's active metabolite, A771726, has significantly inhibitory effect on TNF-a and IL-1 at protein and transcription levels, and reduced production of IL-1 by A771726 was associated with inhibitory action of A771726 on TNF-alpha. These results provided evidence that leflunomide significantly inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-1 from KCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.