ArticleNucleic acids research2004
An insulator blocks spreading of histone acetylation and interferes with RNA polymerase II transfer between an enhancer and gene.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- hnRNPK condensates facilitate enhancer-promoter looping and RNA polymerase II recruitment.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- The sound of silence: Transgene silencing in mammalian cell engineering.Cell systems · 2022Review
- CTCF DNA-binding domain undergoes dynamic and selective protein-protein interactions.iScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Super-enhancer mediated regulation of adult β-globin gene expression: the role of eRNA and Integrator.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Decreased Enhancer-Promoter Proximity Accompanying Enhancer Activation.Molecular cell · 2019Article
- The interdependence of gene-regulatory elements and the 3D genome.The Journal of cell biology · 2019Review
- Influence of a CTCF-Dependent Insulator on Multiple Aspects of Enhancer-Mediated Chromatin Organization.Molecular and cellular biology · 2015Article
- Transcription of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome during productive and quiescent infection of neuronal and nonneuronal cells.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Emerging epigenetic mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs.Neuroscience · 2014Review
- CTCF demarcates chicken embryonic α-globin gene autonomous silencing and contributes to adult stage-specific gene expression.Epigenetics · 2013Article
- Promoter cross-talk via a shared enhancer explains paternally biased expression of Nctc1 at the Igf2/H19/Nctc1 imprinted locus.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- CTCF occupation of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome is disrupted at early times postreactivation in a transcription-dependent manner.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Chromatin loop formation in the β-globin locus and its role in globin gene transcription.Molecules and cells · 2012Review
- An RNA-independent linkage of noncoding transcription to long-range enhancer function.Molecular and cellular biology · 2012Article
- Higher-order chromatin regulation and differential gene expression in the human tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin locus in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Molecular and cellular biology · 2012Article
- Enhancer and promoter interactions-long distance calls.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2012Review
- The insulator protein CTCF binding sites in the orf73/LANA promoter region of herpesvirus saimiri are involved in conferring episomal stability in latently infected human T cells.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Chromatin boundaries require functional collaboration between the hSET1 and NURF complexes.Blood · 2011Article
- The use of chromatin insulators to improve the expression and safety of integrating gene transfer vectors.Human gene therapy · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We studied the mechanism by which an insulator interrupts enhancer signaling to a gene using stably replicated chromatin templates containing the human beta-globin locus control region HS2 enhancer and a target globin gene. The chicken beta-globin 5' HS4 (cHS4) insulator acted as a positional enhancer blocker, inhibiting promoter remodeling and transcription activation only when placed between the enhancer and gene. Enhancer blocking by cHS4 reduced histone hyperacetylation across a zone extending from the enhancer to the gene and inhibited recruitment of CBP and p300 to HS2. Enhancer blocking also led to accumulation of RNA polymerase II at HS2 and within cHS4, accompanied by its diminution at the gene promoter. The enhancer blocking effects were completely attributable to the CTCF binding site in cHS4. These findings provide experimental evidence for the involvement of spreading in establishment of a broad zone of histone modification by an enhancer, as well as for blocking by an insulator of the transfer of RNA polymerase II from an enhancer to a promoter.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.