ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2004
Glucagon-like peptide 1 excites hypocretin/orexin neurons by direct and indirect mechanisms: implications for viscera-mediated arousal.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, attenuates cue-, drug-, and stress-induced fentanyl seeking in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2026Article
- Functional Plasticity of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Balances Stress States.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Agonist Attenuates Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior by Regulating the Prepro-Orexin in the Hypothalamus and Prepro-Glucagon in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius.Behavioural neurology · 2026Article
- State-dependent central synaptic regulation by GLP-1 is essential for energy homeostasis.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Narcolepsy: Beyond the Classic Pentad.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Glucagon Increases Retinal Rod Bipolar Cell Inhibition Through a D1 Dopamine Receptor-Dependent Pathway That Is Altered After Lens-Defocus Treatment in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Exendin-4 promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and function by inhibiting calcium channels in experimental diabetes.iScience · 2023Article
- Activation of arcuate nucleus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-expressing neurons suppresses food intake.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- Rational Design by Structural Biology of Industrializable, Long-Acting Antihyperglycemic GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signalling in the brain: From neural circuits and metabolism to therapeutics.British journal of pharmacology · 2022Review
- The role of nucleus of the solitary tract glucagon-like peptide-1 and prolactin-releasing peptide neurons in stress: anatomy, physiology and cellular interactions.British journal of pharmacology · 2022Review
- L-dopa-Dependent Effects of GLP-1R Agonists on the Survival of Dopaminergic Cells Transplanted into a Rat Model of Parkinson Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in the progression of ALS: potential target activators and influences on neurological dysfunctions.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Review
- Networking of glucagon-like peptide-1 axons with GnRH neurons in the basal forebrain of male mice revealed by 3DISCO-based immunocytochemistry and optogenetics.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- GLP-1 Suppresses Feeding Behaviors and Modulates Neuronal Electrophysiological Properties in Multiple Brain Regions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the Integration of Neural and Endocrine Responses to Stress.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Cell type- and pathway-specific synaptic regulation of orexin neurocircuitry.Brain research · 2020Review
- Central GLP-1 receptors: Novel molecular targets for cocaine use disorder.Physiology & behavior · 2019Review
- Chronic Suppression of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP1R) mRNA Translation in the Rat Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Reduces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Stress-Induced Hypophagia, But Prolongs Stress-Induced Elevation of Plasma Corticosterone.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens attenuates cocaine seeking in rats.Addiction biology · 2019Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is produced by neurons in the caudal brainstem that receive sensory information from the gut and project to several hypothalamic regions involved in arousal, interoceptive stress, and energy homeostasis. GLP-1 axons and receptors have been detected in the lateral hypothalamus, where hypocretin neurons are found. The electrophysiological actions of GLP-1 in the CNS have not been studied. Here, we explored the GLP-1 effects on GFP (green fluorescent protein)-expressing hypocretin neurons in mouse hypothalamic slices. GLP-1 receptor agonists depolarized hypocretin neurons and increased their spike frequency; the antagonist exendin (9-39) blocked this depolarization. Direct GLP-1 agonist actions on membrane potential were abolished by choline substitution for extracellular Na+, and dependent on intracellular GDP, suggesting that they were mediated by sodium-dependent conductances in a G-protein-dependent manner. In voltage clamp, the GLP-1 agonist Exn4 (exendin-4) induced an inward current that reversed near -28 mV and persisted in nominally Ca2+-free extracellular solution, consistent with a nonselective cationic conductance. GLP-1 decreased afterhyperpolarization currents. GLP-1 agonists enhanced the frequency of miniature and spontaneous EPSCs with no effect on their amplitude, suggesting presynaptic modulation of glutamate axons innervating hypocretin neurons. Paraventricular hypothalamic neurons were also directly excited by GLP-1 agonists. In contrast, GLP-1 agonists had no detectable effect on neurons that synthesize melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). Together, our results show that GLP-1 agonists modulate the activity of hypocretin, but not MCH, neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, suggesting a role for GLP-1 in the excitation of the hypothalamic arousal system possibly initiated by activation by viscera sensory input.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.