Trial reportJournal of virology2004
Dynamics of intermittent viremia during highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients who initiate therapy during chronic versus acute and early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
Trial report in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- CD8+ T-cell activation in HIV-1-infected patients experiencing transient low-level viremia during antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Understanding viral blips in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a nationwide Swedish cohort study of 4,210 individuals.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling the Interplay Between Viral and Immune Dynamics in HIV: A Review and Mrgsolve Implementation and Exploration.Clinical and translational science · 2025Review
- Influencing factors and adverse outcomes of virologic rebound states in anti-retroviral-treated individuals with HIV infection.Journal of virus eradication · 2023Review
- Viral Blips After Treatment Initiation During Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Monotypic low-level HIV viremias during antiretroviral therapy are associated with disproportionate production of X4 virions and systemic immune activation.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Increased inflammation in sanctuary sites may explain viral blips in HIV infection.IET systems biology · 2016Article
- Viral blips during suppressive antiretroviral treatment are associated with high baseline HIV-1 RNA levels.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) entry inhibitors targeting spike protein.Virus research · 2014Review
- Significance and clinical management of persistent low-level viremia and very-low-level viremia in HIV-1-infected patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
- Modeling the within-host dynamics of HIV infection.BMC biology · 2013Review
- Maraviroc and other HIV-1 entry inhibitors exhibit a class-specific redistribution effect that results in increased extracellular viral load.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- HIV envelope gp120 activates LFA-1 on CD4 T-lymphocytes and increases cell susceptibility to LFA-1-targeting leukotoxin (LtxA).PloS one · 2011Article
- Exact inference for complex clustered data using within-cluster resampling.Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · 2010Article
- The effect of HAART on HIV RNA trajectory among treatment-naïve men and women: a segmental Bernoulli/lognormal random effects model with left censoring.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2010Article
- Within-Cluster Resampling for Analysis of Family Data: Ready for Prime-Time?Statistics and its interface · 2010Article
- The Development and Implementation of an Outreach Program to Identify Acute and Recent HIV Infections in New York City.The open AIDS journal · 2010Article
- Modeling HIV persistence, the latent reservoir, and viral blips.Journal of theoretical biology · 2009Review
- Asymmetric division of activated latently infected cells may explain the decay kinetics of the HIV-1 latent reservoir and intermittent viral blips.Mathematical biosciences · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The meaning of viral blips in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients treated with seemingly effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still controversial and under investigation. Blips might represent low-level ongoing viral replication in the presence of drug or simply release of virions from the latent reservoir. Patients treated early during HIV-1 infection are more likely to have a lower total body viral burden, a homogenous viral population, and preserved HIV-1-specific immune responses. Consequently, viral blips may be less frequent in them than in patients treated during chronic infection. To test this hypothesis, we compared the occurrence of viral blips in 76 acutely infected patients (primary HIV infection [PHI] group) who started therapy within 6 months of the onset of symptoms with that in 47 patients who started HAART therapy during chronic infection (chronic HIV infection [CHI] group). Viral blip frequency was approximately twofold higher in CHI patients (0.122 +/- 0.12/viral load [VL] sample, mean +/- standard deviation) than in PHI patients (0.066 +/- 0.09/VL sample). However, in both groups, viral blip frequency did not increase with longer periods of observation. Also, no difference in viral blip frequency was observed between treatment subgroups, and the occurrence of a blip was not associated with a recent change in CD4(+) T-cell count. Finally, in PHI patients the VL set point was a significant predictor of blip frequency during treatment.
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