ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2004
Infections, medication use, and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in childhood.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Dose, Timing, and Type of Infant Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Childhood Asthma.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Is preterm birth associated with asthma among children from birth to 17 years old? -A study based on 2011-2012 US National Survey of Children's Health.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
- Factors associated with atopy in toddlers: a case-control study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Prenatal and infant exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen and the risk for wheeze and asthma in children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2015Article
- Association between chronic acetaminophen exposure and allergic rhinitis in a rat model.Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.) · 2015Article
- Risk factors for eczema in infants born in Cuba: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC dermatology · 2014Article
- The association between acetaminophen and asthma: is there anything to learn from the upper airways?Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2014Review
- Antibiotic exposure in the first two years of life and development of asthma and other allergic diseases by 7.5 yr: a dose-dependent relationship.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2013Article
- Time trends, ethnicity and risk factors for eczema in New Zealand children: ISAAC Phase Three.Asia Pacific allergy · 2013Article
- The case of drug causation of childhood asthma: antibiotics and paracetamol.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Review
- Effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and intake of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in pregnancy on eczema occurrence in early childhood.The Science of the total environment · 2011Article
- Wheezing and asthma may be enhanced by broad spectrum antibiotics used in early childhood. Concept and results of a pharmacoepidemiology study.Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society · 2011Article
- Parental administration of antipyretics to children with upper respiratory tract infections without consultation with a physician.Croatian medical journal · 2011Article
- Antibiotic exposure by 6 months and asthma and allergy at 6 years: Findings in a cohort of 1,401 US children.American journal of epidemiology · 2011Article
- Paracetamol use in early life and asthma: prospective birth cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2010Article
- Relation of early antibiotic use to childhood asthma: confounding by indication?Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2010Article
- Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and asthma in children.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2009Article
- Acetaminophen and asthma.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2009Article
- Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and respiratory symptoms in the first year of life.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe "hygiene hypothesis" postulates that infections during infancy may protect against asthma and atopy. There is also some evidence that antibiotic and/or paracetamol use may increase the risk of asthma.
methodsThe study measured the association between infections, and medication use early in life and the risk of asthma at age 6-7 years. It involved 1584 children who had been notified to public health services with serious infections at age 0-4 years, and 2539 children sampled from the general population. For both groups, postal questionnaires were completed by parents.
resultsThere was little difference in the prevalence of current wheezing between the childhood infections group (prevalence = 23.5%) and the general population group (prevalence = 24.3%). There was also little difference whether the major site of infection was gastrointestinal (prevalence = 24.1%), invasive (prevalence = 24.6%) or respiratory (prevalence = 21.1%). However, in both groups, there were associations with antibiotic (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.14) or paracetamol (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.83) use in the first year of life or recent paracetamol use (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.49) and current wheezing. There was a weak protective effect of childhood infections in children who had not used antibiotics in the first year of life (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.10).
conclusionsThese findings are consistent with other evidence that antibiotic use early in life may increase the risk of asthma. They are also consistent with some preliminary evidence associating paracetamol use with an increased risk of asthma. Any protective effect of notifiable childhood infections was weak.
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Registered trials
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