ArticleJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2004
Multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures.
Article in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma SuPAR and therapeutic response to erenumab in migraine: a REFORM study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Trial
- Spreading depolarization: A wave that precedes and drives cerebral ischemic cell death-Target for neuroprotection.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Spreading depolarization activates the cGAS-STING pathway and drives cranial nociception: therapeutic potential of STING modulation.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- The link between spreading depolarization and innate immunity in the central nervous system.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Experimental and Clinical Investigation of Cytokines in Migraine: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Migraine Aura, Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke, and Dying of the Brain Share the Same Key Pathophysiological Process in Neurons Driven by Gibbs-Donnan Forces, Namely Spreading Depolarization.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Immunologic aspects of migraine: A review of literature.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Headache and immunological/autoimmune disorders: a comprehensive review of available epidemiological evidence with insights on potential underlying mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- Role of Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Permutability on Migraine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Environmental Enrichment and Its Benefits for Migraine: Dendritic Cell Extracellular Vesicles as an Effective Mimetic.Journal of cellular immunology · 2021Article
- Spreading depolarizations in the rat endothelin-1 model of focal cerebellar ischemia.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Article
- Non-invasively triggered spreading depolarizations induce a rapid pro-inflammatory response in cerebral cortex.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Article
- The role of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in cerebrovascular disorders: the impact of spreading depolarization.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Review
- Review
- IFNγ-Stimulated Dendritic Cell Exosomes for Treatment of Migraine Modeled Using Spreading Depression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Subarachnoid blood acutely induces spreading depolarizations and early cortical infarction.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2017Article
- Cortical spreading depression-induced preconditioning in the brain.Neural regeneration research · 2016Review
- Immunomodulatory Effect of Toll-Like Receptor-3 Ligand Poly I:C on Cortical Spreading Depression.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Article
- Review
- Spreading depression transiently disrupts myelin via interferon-gamma signaling.Experimental neurology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in ischemic tolerance, including that triggered by spreading depression (SD), yet their roles in neuroprotection remain incompletely defined. The latter may stem from the pleiotropic nature of these signaling molecules whose complexities for interaction might be better deciphered through simultaneous measurement of multiple targeted proteins. Accordingly, the authors used microsphere-based flow cytometric immunoassays and hippocampal organotypic cultures (HOTCs) to characterize the magnitude, time course, and diversity of cytokine (interleukin [IL] 1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) response to SD. GM-CSF was not detected in HOTCs or media. However, SD triggered a significant, generalized increase in seven cytokines evident in HOTCs 6 hours later, with the remaining cytokine, IL-1beta, becoming significantly different at 1 and 3 days. Additionally, these changes extended to include surrounding media for IL-6 and TNF-alpha by 1 and 3 days. This increase was localized to microglia via immunostaining for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and interferon-y. IL-10, although significantly more abundant in HOTCs 6 hours after SD, was significantly less abundant in surrounding media at that time and at 1 day. Finally, the generalized early increase in tissue cytokines later settled to a pattern at 3 days of recovery centering on changes in IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha, cytokines capable of modulating ischemic injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.