ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2004
Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized school-age children: evidence for high prevalence of viral infections.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Method to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing for Children and Adolescents With Community-Acquired Pneumonia - a Pilot Study
Epidemiology and Transmission of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children and Elderly: a Household-based Prospective Cohort Study
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral vitamin A supplements to prevent acute upper respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Spotlight influenza: Laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in people with acute respiratory illness: a literature review and meta-analysis, WHO European Region, 2004 to 2017.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Atypical Pathogens in Patients With Cough and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis.Annals of family medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Incidence of viral infection detected by PCR and real-time PCR in childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2015Pooled it
- Clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- A three-step diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia at the emergency department using clinical predictors, C-reactive protein, and pneumococcal PCR.European journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be beneficial in the management of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neurology · 2009Trial
- Targeting the immune-metabolic axis reverses orthodontics-induced systemic pathology.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Infection and co-infection patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in patients of different ages in China from 2009 to 2020: a national surveillance study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Ulinastatin Combined with Azithromycin in the Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children and the Effects on Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients Admitted at the Emergency Departments.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Analysis of national surveillance of respiratory pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Respiratory viruses associated with severe mechanically ventilated pneumonia in children.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 2 Modulates Pulmonary Inflammation and TNF-α Release Mediated byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Viral and Atypical Bacterial Detection in Young Nepalese Children Hospitalized with Severe Pneumonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- In Vitro Effects of 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway Inhibition on Rhinovirus-Associated Bronchial Epithelial Inflammation.Pulmonary therapy · 2021Article
- Viral Respiratory Infections: An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2021Review
- Characteristics and etiology of hospitalized pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in Taiwan.Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi · 2020Article
- Use of Procalcitonin for Identification of Cobacterial Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2020Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children is most commonly associated with viral infections; however, the role of viruses in CAP of school-age children is still inconclusive.
methodsSeventy-five school-age children hospitalized with CAP were prospectively evaluated for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. Nasopharyngeal washes were examined by polymerase chain reaction for viruses and atypical bacteria. Antibody assays to detect bacterial pathogens in acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples were also performed.
resultsA viral infection was identified in 65% of cases. Rhinovirus RNA was detected in 45% of patients; infection with another virus occurred in 31%. The most common bacterial pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which was diagnosed in 35% of cases. Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA was not detected in any patient; results of serological tests were positive in only 2 patients (3%). Mixed infections were documented in 35% of patients, and the majority were a viral-bacterial combination.
conclusionsThe high prevalence of viral and mixed viral-bacterial infections supports the notion that the presence of a virus, acting either as a direct or an indirect pathogen, may be the rule rather than the exception in the development of CAP in school-age children requiring hospitalization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.