ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2004
NALT- versus Peyer's-patch-mediated mucosal immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 312 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
312 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Nonspecific immunomodulators for recurrent respiratory tract infections, wheezing and asthma in children: a systematic review of mechanistic and clinical evidence.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Th17/Treg Imbalance Reveals Local-Systemic Immune Dissociation in Nasopharyngeal Inflammation and Its Association with Endoscopic Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Assessing the Reduction of Recurrent Admissions Using OM-85 for the Treatment of Preschool Wheeze (ARROW): Protocol for a Multi-Centre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Histological changes of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue caused by pneumonia in Holstein young cows.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Intranasal drug delivery: Unlocking the nose-to-brain route for central nervous system therapies.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Transgene Expression Kinetics and Replication Potential of Recombinant Adenovirus Serotype 4 in a Mouse Model and its Use as a Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Versatile Platforms for Systemic and Mucosal Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Advanced Sensing and Delivery Technologies for Nose-to-Brain Administration: From Nanocarriers to Sensor-Integrated Organ-on-Chips.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- An innovative nasal nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces systemic and upper airway immunity controlling viral replication.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Intranasal MyD88-adjuvanted DNA vaccine against P. gingivalis in rat periodontitis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Review
- Intranasal booster drives class switching and homing of memory B cells for mucosal IgA response.JCI insight · 2026Article
252 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the mechanism of nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) organogenesis is different from that of other lymphoid tissues. NALT has an important role in the induction of mucosal immune responses, including the generation of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells, and IgA-committed B cells. Moreover, intranasal immunization can lead to the induction of antigen-specific protective immunity in both the mucosal and systemic immune compartments. Therefore, a greater understanding of the differences between NALT and other organized lymphoid tissues, such as Peyer's patches, should facilitate the development of nasal vaccines.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.