ArticleTobacco control2004
The economic burden of smoking in California.
Article in Tobacco control, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Economic evaluation of a telephone- and face-to-face-delivered counseling intervention for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2016Trial
- Smoking-Attributable Health Care Expenditures for US Adults With Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Healthcare utilisation and expenditures attributable to current e-cigarette use among US adults.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Recreational tobacco consumption and food insecurity among First Nations in Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2022Article
- Assessing the Effect of Curcumin on the Oral Mucosal Cytomorphometry and Candidal Species Specificity in Tobacco Users: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Crowding Out Effects of Alcohol Consumption Expenditure on Household Resource Allocation in Malawi.PloS one · 2022Article
- Article
- Programmes for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV infection transmission have made progress in Yunnan Province, China, from 2006 to 2015: a cost effective and cost-benefit evaluation.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Impact of Smoking on Health-Related Quality of Life: A General Population Survey in West IranAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2017Article
- Economic Burden of Smoking in Iran: A Prevalence-Based Annual Cost ApproachAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2017Article
- Smoking Behavior and Healthcare Expenditure in the United States, 1992-2009: Panel Data Estimates.PLoS medicine · 2016Article
- Direct and indirect costs of smoking in Vietnam.Tobacco control · 2016Article
- Tobacco use and household expenditures on food, education, and healthcare in low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Health care expenditures attributable to smoking in military veterans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Article
- The Economic Impact of Smoking and of Reducing Smoking Prevalence: Review of Evidence.Tobacco use insights · 2015Review
- The burden of smoking in Israel-attributable mortality and costs (2014).Israel journal of health policy research · 2014Article
- Impact of cigarette smoking on utilization of nursing home services.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Article
- Costs of smoking and policy strategies for California American Indian communities.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2012Article
- Economic costs attributable to smoking in China: update and an 8-year comparison, 2000-2008.Tobacco control · 2011Article
- Tobacco litter costs and public policy: a framework and methodology for considering the use of fees to offset abatement costs.Tobacco control · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo develop estimates of the direct and indirect costs of smoking for California in 1999.
methodsA prevalence based approach was used to estimate the annual costs of smoking. Econometric models were used to estimate the smoking attributable fraction (SAF) for direct costs (hospitalisations, ambulatory care, prescription drugs, home health care, and nursing home services) and indirect costs due to lost productivity from smoking related illness. The models controlled for socioeconomic factors and other risk behaviours. Epidemiological methods were used to estimate the SAF for indirect costs due to lost productivity from premature deaths. The SAFs were applied to total health care expenditures, days lost, and deaths to obtain smoking attributable total costs.
resultsIn 1999, the total costs of smoking in California were 15.9 billion dollars, 475 dollars per resident, and 3331 dollars per smoker. Direct costs were 8.6 billion dollars (54% of the total), indirect costs due to lost productivity from illness were 1.5 billion dollars (10%), and indirect costs due to premature deaths were 5.7 billion dollars (36%). The cost of smoking was 9.4 billion dollars for men and 6.3 billion dollars for women. There were 43,137 deaths attributed to smoking, representing a total of 535,000 years of life lost. The value of life lost per death averaged 132,000 dollars, or 12.4 years.
conclusionsCalifornia smoking related costs are high. The cost methodology presented is useful for other states and nations interested in estimating their costs of smoking. Cost estimates can be used to evaluate the level of cigarette taxes and other policies related to smoking.
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