ReviewThorax2004
Respiratory muscle fibres: specialisation and plasticity.
Review in Thorax, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of preterm birth on muscle mass and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Different observation period of exercise training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Inspiratory-Expiratory Muscle Training Improved Respiratory Muscle Strength in Dialysis Patients: A Pilot Randomised Trial.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2023Trial
- The relationship between pulmonary function, and hand grip strength among young adults: a cross-sectional study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Spatial proteomics identifies FXYD6 as a dual-site protein of neuromuscular junction in the diaphragm.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Diaphragm in sudden unexpected infant and fetal death.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Effects of Resistance Respiratory Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Active Individuals.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Forgotten muscle: diaphragm and sudden infant death syndrome.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- What Do We Know of Human Fuel Use during Aerobic Exercise, and How Do We Know It?Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- The Impact of Respiratory Function on Functionality and Mortality in ALS Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Respiratory and limb muscles' ability to repeatedly generate maximal isometric strength in patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness: an observational study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Observational
- The effects of volitional hyperpnea on biomarkers of respiratory muscle damage in healthy young men.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inspiratory muscle training in natural bodybuilders: adaptations in diaphragm muscle thickness and maximal strength.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Diaphragmatic Ultrasonography in Sports Performance: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of rehabilitation therapy on patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- A comprehensive physical functional assessment of survivors of critical care unit stay due to COVID-19.Critical care science · 2024Article
- Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Acute Respiratory Failure.Respiratory care · 2023Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of fibres of different types, each type being identified by the isoform of myosin heavy chain which is expressed as slow 1, fast 2A, fast 2X, and fast 2B. Slow fibres are resistant to fatigue due to their highly oxidative metabolism whereas 2X and 2B fibres are easily fatiguable and fast 2A fibres exhibit intermediate fatigue resistance. Slow fibres and fast fibres are present in equal proportions in the adult human diaphragm while intercostal muscles contain a higher proportion of fast fibres. A small fibre size, abundance of capillaries, and a high aerobic oxidative enzyme activity are typical features of diaphragm fibres and give them the resistance to fatigue required by their continuous activity. Because of their fibre composition, intercostal muscles are less resistant to fatigue. The structural and functional characteristics of respiratory muscle fibres are not fixed, however, and can be modified in response to several physiological and pathological conditions such as training (adaptation to changes in respiratory load), adaptation to hypoxia, age related changes, and changes associated with respiratory diseases. The properties of respiratory muscle fibres can also be modified by pharmacological agents such as beta2 agonists and corticosteroids used for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.