ArticleJournal of clinical pathology2004
Morules in endometrial carcinoma and benign endometrial lesions differ from squamous differentiation tissue and are not infected with human papillomavirus.
Article in Journal of clinical pathology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Molecular Pathology of Morules in Endometrial Carcinoma: Biological Significance and Clinical Implications.Pathology international · 2026Review
- Article
- Morules and β-catenin predict POLE mutation status in endometrial cancer: A pathway to more cost-effective diagnostic procedures.American journal of clinical pathology · 2024Article
- Clinical implications of morular metaplasia in fertility-preserving treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial carcinoma patients.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2022Article
- Therapeutic potential of the human endogenous retroviral envelope protein HEMO: a pan-cancer analysis.Molecular oncology · 2022Article
- Does endometrial morular metaplasia represent odontogenic differentiation?Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Article
- Possible Risk Factors of Pulmonary Metastases in Patients With International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I Endometrioid-Type Endometrial Cancer.International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · 2017Article
- Morules in fundic gland polyposis: a case report.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2014Article
- Association between human papillomavirus and endometrial adenocarcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2013Article
- Human papillomavirus in endometrial adenocarcinomas: infectious agent or a mere "passenger"?Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2007Article
- Morules and morule-like features associated with carcinomas in various organs: report with immunohistochemical and molecular studies.Journal of clinical pathology · 2006Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSquamous differentiation/squamous metaplasia is often associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma and benign lesions, such as endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis. Morules have distinct histological characteristics, and are referred to as squamous metaplasia or squamoid metaplasia.
aimTo focus on the histological characteristics of morules and clarify the difference between morules and squamous differentiation. MATERIALS/
methodsTwenty endometrioid carcinomas with morules or squamous differentiation, five adenosquamous carcinomas, and eight non-carcinomatous endometrial lesions with morules were investigated. Numerous antibodies for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), involucrin, cytokeratins, neuropeptides, and oncofetal antigens were used for immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV).
resultsThe morules observed were uniform cell clusters, with no squamous differentiation. They were immunonegative for epithelial antigens including involucrin, EMA, and cytokeratins, but were positive for neurone specific enolase. A few morules were immunopositive for acetylcholine esterase, and one case was positive for somatostatin; neither oncofetal nor proliferative cell markers, including blood group A, B, and AB, or other neuropeptides were demonstrated in the morules. HPV DNA was not found in either the morules in the carcinomas or in the benign lesions. However, true squamous differentiation tissue in four endometrioid carcinomas and two adenosquamous carcinomas was HPV positive using in situ hybridisation.
conclusionMorules are histologically distinct from squamous metaplasia/squamous differentiation tissue. Morules are thought to be neuroectodermal-like cell clusters, and are not infected with HPV. In contrast, some of the true squamous differentiation tissue was associated with HPV infection.
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