ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2004
Geographic methods for understanding and responding to disparities in mammography use in Toronto, Canada.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Supplemental Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening in People With Dense Breasts: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening: An Ecological Analysis of Australian Data.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Role of mammography accessibility, deprivation and spatial effect in breast cancer screening participation in France: an observational ecological study.International journal of health geographics · 2022Observational
- Mapping Variation in Breast Cancer Screening: Where to Intervene?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Disparities in breast cancer diagnosis for immigrant women in Ontario and BC: results from the CanIMPACT study.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Cancer screening inequities in a time of primary care reform: a population-based longitudinal study in Ontario, Canada.BMC family practice · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic gradients in all-cause, premature and avoidable mortality among immigrants and long-term residents using linked death records in Ontario, Canada.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Article
- Using self-reported data on the social determinants of health in primary care to identify cancer screening disparities: opportunities and challenges.BMC family practice · 2017Article
- Patients living with disabilities: The need for high-quality primary care.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2016Article
- Breast cancer screening disparities among immigrant women by world region of origin: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada.Cancer medicine · 2016Article
- Breast cancer screening disparities among urban immigrants: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Ethnicity and breast cancer stage at diagnosis: an issue of health equity.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2015Article
- A population-based study of ethnicity and breast cancer stage at diagnosis in Ontario.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2015Article
- Using organizational network analysis to plan cancer screening programs for vulnerable populations.American journal of public health · 2014Article
- Association between socio-economic status and hemoglobin A1c levels in a Canadian primary care adult population without diabetes.BMC family practice · 2014Article
- Disparities in receipt of screening tests for cancer, diabetes and high cholesterol in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study using area-based methods.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2013Article
- Using geographic methods to inform cancer screening interventions for South Asians in Ontario, Canada.BMC public health · 2013Article
- Using concept mapping in the knowledge-to-action process to compare stakeholder opinions on barriers to use of cancer screening among South Asians.Implementation science : IS · 2013Article
- Access to cancer screening for women with mobility disabilities.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2012Article
- Implementation of electronic medical records: effect on the provision of preventive services in a pay-for-performance environment.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo use spatial and epidemiologic analyses to understand disparities in mammography use and to formulate interventions to increase its uptake in low-income, high-recent immigration areas in Toronto, Canada.
designWe compared mammography rates in four income-immigration census tract groups. Data were obtained from the 1996 Canadian census and 2000 physician billing claims. Risk ratios, linear regression, multilayer maps, and spatial analysis were used to examine utilization by area for women age 45 to 64 years.
settingResidential population of inner city Toronto, Canada, with a 1996 population of 780,000.
participantsWomen age 45 to 64 residing in Toronto's inner city in the year 2000. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsAmong 113,762 women age 45 to 64, 27,435 (24%) had received a mammogram during 2000 and 91,542 (80%) had seen a physician. Only 21% of women had a mammogram in the least advantaged group (low income--high immigration), compared with 27% in the most advantaged group (high income--low immigration) (risk ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 0.84). Multilayer maps demonstrated a low income-high immigration band running through Toronto's inner city and low mammography rates within that band. There was substantial geographic clustering of study variables.
conclusionsWe found marked variation in mammography rates by area, with the lowest rates associated with low income and high immigration. Spatial patterns identified areas with low mammography and low physician visit rates appropriate for outreach and public education interventions. We also identified areas with low mammography and high physician visit rates appropriate for interventions targeted at physicians.
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