ReviewOncogene2004
Infections and immune factors in cancer: the role of epidemiology.
Review in Oncogene, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer risk in people living with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The risk of malignancies in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2020Pooled it
- The causal effect and impact of reproductive factors on breast cancer using super learner and targeted maximum likelihood estimation: a case-control study in Fars Province, Iran.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Religiosity and Beliefs About the Transmission of Cancer, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Through Physical Contact in Saudi Arabia.Journal of religion and health · 2019Article
- Nitric oxide functions in stromal cell-derived factor-1-induced cytoskeleton changes and the migration of Jurkat cells.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Seasonal trends of diagnosis of childhood malignant diseases and viral prevalence in South Korea.Cancer epidemiology · 2017Article
- Race/ethnicity and the risk of childhood leukaemia: a case-control study in California.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2015Article
- Editorial: Pattern Recognition Receptors and Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
- Oculocutaneous Albinism and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin of the Head and Neck in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of skin cancer · 2015Review
- Cancer, immunodeficiency and antiretroviral treatment: results from the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD).HIV medicine · 2013Article
- Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of lymphoma: results of a serological analysis within the European case-control study Epilymph.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2012Article
- Evolving models of tumor origin and progression.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2012Review
- Enhancement of myeloma development mediated though myeloma cell-Th2 cell interactions after microbial antigen presentation by myeloma cells and DCs.Blood cancer journal · 2012Article
- Inherited variation in pattern recognition receptors and cancer: dangerous liaisons?Cancer management and research · 2012Article
- What do we have to know from migrants' past exposures to understand their health status? a life course approach.Emerging themes in epidemiology · 2011Article
- Childhood leukaemia, nuclear sites, and population mixing.British journal of cancer · 2011Review
- Temporal trends in childhood leukaemia incidence following exposure to radioactive fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.Radiation and environmental biophysics · 2010Article
- Viral epigenomes in human tumorigenesis.Oncogene · 2010Review
- Review
- Might salicylate exert benefits against childhood cancer?Ecancermedicalscience · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An infective, mostly viral, basis has been found in an increasing number of different human cancers. In all cases, the neoplasm is a rare response to the relevant infection, which is usually present in persistent form, and requiring specific cofactors for malignancy to develop. In some cases, epidemiological evidence of infectivity preceded and promoted identification of the specific infection involved and even the discovery of the microbe itself, as in Burkitt's lymphoma and cervix cancer. In other cases, the discovery of the agent came first as in stomach and nasopharynx cancers, and epidemiology has been concerned mainly with confirming the relationship, measuring the size of the risk and identifying cofactors. Infection-linked cancers include some of the commonest malignancies in certain large world regions, amounting to over 20% of all cancer in the developing countries. In addition to these cancers are others such as childhood leukaemia that show features indicative of an infective basis though no underlying agent has been identified. Advances in this field invite speculation about possible future discoveries and how these might be promoted. However, in that majority of cancers that are unrelated to sexual behaviour, there will be nothing even at the population level to suggest an infective basis because what is transmitted from one individual to another is not the neoplasm itself, but the underlying, often silent, infection to which the malignancy is an uncommon response. The increasing prevalence of immune impairment in human populations, as a result of the use of immunosuppressive drugs with organ transplants and the spread of HIV infection, has produced marked effects on cancer incidence in the affected groups including increases, of skin cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma and to a lesser extent of many other cancers, in some cases at least due to the release from immunological control of incipient infection-based malignancies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.