ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Chimerism and tolerance in transplantation.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Self or nonself: end of a dogma?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Italian data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in transplanted patients support an organ specific immune response in liver recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Transplant Tolerance, Not Only Clonal Deletion.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immunological Consequences ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Harnessing Expressed Single Nucleotide Variation and Single Cell RNA Sequencing To Define Immune Cell Chimerism in the Rejecting Kidney Transplant.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020Article
- A Novel Model on DST-Induced Transplantation Tolerance by the Transfer of Self-Specific Donor tTregs to a Haplotype-Matched Organ Recipient.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Dichotomy between T Cell and B Cell Tolerance to Neonatal Retroviral Infection Permits T Cell Therapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine: A Journey in Science: The Birth of Organ Transplantation with Particular Reference to Alloengraftment Mechanisms.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2015Article
- Recent advances in renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy after kidney transplantation.Fibrogenesis & tissue repair · 2014Review
- Tolerance and chimerism and allogeneic bone marrow/stem cell transplantation in liver transplantation.World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Review
- Human leucocyte antigen-defined microchimerism early post-transplant does not predict for stable lung allograft function.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Article
- A modern Cosmas and Damian: Sir Roy Calne and Thomas Starzl receive the 2012 Lasker~Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2012Article
- Article
- The need for inducing tolerance in vascularized composite allotransplantation.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Microchimerism in promoting graft acceptance in clinical transplantation.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2011Review
- Ingraft chimerism in lung transplantation--a study in a porcine model of obliterative bronchiolitis.Respiratory research · 2011Article
- Microchimerism: covert genetics?International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics · 2010Article
- Dissociation between peripheral blood chimerism and tolerance to hindlimb composite tissue transplants: preferential localization of chimerism in donor bone.Transplantation · 2009Article
- Composite tissue transplantation: a rapidly advancing field.Transplantation proceedings · 2008Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies in experimental models (1953-1956) demonstrated that acquired donor-specific allotolerance in immunologically immature or irradiated animals is strongly associated with donor leukocyte chimerism. Bone marrow transplantation in immune-deficient or cytoablated human recipients was a logical extension (1968). In contrast, clinical (1959) and then experimental organ transplantation was systematically accomplished in the apparent absence of leukocyte chimerism. Consequently, it was assumed for many years that success with organ and bone marrow transplantation involved fundamentally different mechanisms. With the discovery in 1992 of small numbers of donor leukocytes in the tissues or blood of long-surviving organ recipients (microchimerism), we concluded that organ engraftment was a form of leukocyte chimerism-dependent partial tolerance. In this initially controversial paradigm, alloengraftment after both kinds of transplantation is the product of a double immune reaction in which responses, each to the other, of coexisting donor and recipient immune systems results in variable reciprocal clonal exhaustion, followed by peripheral clonal deletion. It was proposed with Rolf Zinkernagel that the individual alloresponses are the equivalent of the MHC-restricted T cell recognition of, and host response to, intracellular parasites and that the mechanisms of immune responsiveness, or nonresponsiveness, are governed by the migration and localization of the respective antigens. Elucidation of the mechanisms of nonresponsiveness (clonal exhaustion-deletion and immune ignorance) and their regulation removed much of the historical mystique of transplantation. The insight was then applied to improve the timing and dosage of immunosuppression of current human transplant recipients.
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