ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2005
Silica exposure is associated with increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Occupational Inhalants and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Association of Occupational Exposure to Free Crystalline Silica and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Evidence-based core information for health communication of tobacco control: The effect of smoking on risks of female disease.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- T Cell Dysregulation in Non-silicotic Silica Exposed Workers: A Step Toward Immune Tolerance Breakdown.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and incident rheumatoid arthritis: the Women's Health Initiative Calcium plus Vitamin D trial.Rheumatology international · 2012Trial
- Late-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and Air Pollution in a Multiethnic Cohort.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Restoring Oral Hygiene Autonomy Through a Customized Toothbrush Handle in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Ethnobotanical insights into rheumatoid arthritis management: indigenous herbal practices from Kutch, Gujarat, India.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Susceptibility to systemic autoimmunity rather than the presence of the HLA-DR4 peptide binding domain alone leads to severe inflammatory arthritis following inhalation of crystalline silica.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- Genetically predicted susceptibility to dust-induced lung diseases and risk of autoimmune diseases: a two sample Mendelian randomization study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Rheumatology 2050: How our specialty is changing.Future healthcare journal · 2025Article
- A case-control study on autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressive Cytokine-Tethered Hydrogel for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Polygenic risk scores for rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and associations with RA, interstitial lung abnormalities, and quantitative interstitial abnormalities among smokers.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Article
- Crystalline silica exposure induces multiple systemic autoimmune phenotypes including inflammatory arthritis and nephritis in Collaborative Cross mice with differing sub-clinical autoimmune profiles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- [Influence of smoking, nutrition and other modifiable environmental factors on rheumatoid arthritis].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Review
- Autoimmune Diseases Following Environmental Disasters: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Friend or Enemy?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Food-derived bioactive peptides potentiating therapeutic intervention in rheumatoid arthritis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Exposure to air pollutants and rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers: A scoping review.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo study the association between silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis and how it is modified by cigarette smoking.
methodsData were analysed from 276 male cases and 276 male controls aged 18 to 70 years, included in a Swedish population based study between May 1996 and June 2001. A case was defined as a person recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis according to the ACR criteria. Controls were selected from the study base as a stratified random sample accounting for age, sex, and residency. Men with a self reported history of work with rock drilling, stone crushing, or exposure to stone dust in general were defined as silica exposed. Rheumatoid factor (RF) status among cases was recorded.
resultsSilica exposed men had increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, with an odds ratio (OR), adjusted for age, residential area, and smoking, of 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.9) among men aged 18 to 70 years, and 2.7 (1.2 to 5.8) among those aged 50 to 70 years. Men who had worked with rock drilling or stone crushing (regarded as highly exposed) had a slightly greater increase in risk of rheumatoid arthritis than silica exposed men in general, with an OR of 3.0 (1.2 to 7.6). The joint effects of silica exposure and smoking were compatible with synergy between these two exposures in the development of rheumatoid arthritis but this was not conclusive.
conclusionsSilica exposure is associated with increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. This association is not explained by smoking habits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.