ArticleJournal of bacteriology2004
Worldwide genetic relationships among Francisella tularensis isolates determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tularemia: Historical Perspectives and Current Challenges of a Re-Emerging Zoonosis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Genetic landscape of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in Canada: a study of genetic diversity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic Homogeneity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Targeting Tularemia: Clinical, Laboratory, and Treatment Outcomes From an 11-year Retrospective Observational Cohort in Northern Sweden.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Observational
- Characterization of tularemia foci in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2020.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2024Article
- Case Studies and Literature Review of Francisella tularensis-Related Prosthetic Joint Infection.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Tularemia treatment: experimental and clinical data.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- A global overview of the most important zoonotic bacteria pathogens transmitted fromInfectious medicine · 2022Review
- Tularemia Outbreaks in Spain from 2007 to 2020 in Humans and Domestic and Wild Animals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genetic diversity of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in Kazakhstan.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Tularemia: a re-emerging tick-borne infectious disease.Folia microbiologica · 2021Review
- Virulence ofMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Genetic Traces of theMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Tularemia Goes West: Epidemiology of an Emerging Infection in Austria.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Draft Genome Sequences of Three Francisella tularensis subsp.Microbiology resource announcements · 2020Article
- Phylogeography and Genetic Diversity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Phylogeographic Distribution of Human and HareFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Variant site strain typer (VaST): efficient strain typing using a minimal number of variant genomic sites.BMC bioinformatics · 2018Article
- Phylogenetic Lineages ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and poses a serious threat as an agent of bioterrorism. We have developed a highly effective molecular subtyping system from 25 variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. In our study, multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) was used to analyze genetic relationships and potential population structure within a global collection of 192 F. tularensis isolates, including representatives from each of the four subspecies. The VNTR loci displayed between 2 and 31 alleles with Nei's diversity values between 0.05 and 0.95. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis of VNTR data revealed 120 genotypes among the 192 F. tularensis isolates, including accurate subspecies identification. F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) isolates showed great diversity at VNTR loci, while F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) isolates showed much lower levels despite a much broader geographical prevalence. The resolution of two distinct clades within F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (designated A.I and A.II) revealed a previously unrecognized genetic division within this highly virulent subspecies. F. tularensis subsp. holarctica appears to have recently spread globally across continents from a single origin, while F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has a long and complex evolutionary history almost exclusively in North America. The sole non-North American type A isolates (Slovakian) were closely related to the SCHU S4 strain. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among VNTR loci of F. tularensis consistent with a clonal population structure. Overall, this work greatly augments the study of tularemia ecology and epidemiology, while providing a framework for future forensic analysis of F. tularensis isolates.
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