ArticleInternational immunology2004
A subcutaneously injected UV-inactivated SARS coronavirus vaccine elicits systemic humoral immunity in mice.
Article in International immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Immunostimulatory Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Current SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Ultraviolet C inactivation of Coxiella burnetii for production of a structurally preserved whole cell vaccine antigen.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
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- Sub-cutaneous Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine administration results in seroconversion among young adults.Vaccine · 2021Article
- UVC disinfects SARS-CoV-2 by induction of viral genome damage without apparent effects on viral morphology and proteins.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- ACE2-lentiviral transduction enables mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection and mapping of receptor interactions.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- COVID-19 versus SARS: A comparative review.Journal of infection and public health · 2021Review
- Review of registered clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19.Drug development research · 2021Review
- Design and application of nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants against human corona virus infection.Journal of inorganic biochemistry · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and development: Conventional vaccines and biomimetic nanotechnology strategies.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2021Review
- COVID-19 vaccine: where are we now and where should we go?Expert review of vaccines · 2021Review
- The Current Status and Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).BioMed research international · 2021Review
- Coronavirus vaccine development: from SARS and MERS to COVID-19.Journal of biomedical science · 2020Review
- Infectious diseases epidemiology, quantitative methodology, and clinical research in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspective from a European country.Contemporary clinical trials · 2020Article
- Overview of the current promising approaches for the development of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine.International immunopharmacology · 2020Review
- Potential adjuvants for the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on experimental results from similar coronaviruses.International immunopharmacology · 2020Review
- Vaccination strategies to combat novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2.Life sciences · 2020Review
- Newly Emerging Human Coronaviruses: Animal Models and Vaccine Research for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.Immune network · 2020Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV. It spread rapidly to many countries and developing a SARS vaccine is now urgently required. In order to study the immunogenicity of UV-inactivated purified SARS-CoV virion as a vaccine candidate, we subcutaneously immunized mice with UV-inactivated SARS-CoV with or without an adjuvant. We chose aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) as an adjuvant, because of its long safety history for human use. We observed that the UV-inactivated SARS-CoV virion elicited a high level of humoral immunity, resulting in the generation of long-term antibody secreting and memory B cells. With the addition of alum to the vaccine formula, serum IgG production was augmented and reached a level similar to that found in hyper-immunized mice, though it was still insufficient to elicit serum IgA antibodies. Notably, the SARS-CoV virion itself was able to induce long-term antibody production even without an adjuvant. Anti-SARS-CoV antibodies elicited in mice recognized both the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of the virus and were able to neutralize the virus. Furthermore, the UV-inactivated virion induced regional lymph node T-cell proliferation and significant levels of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) upon restimulation with inactivated SARS-CoV virion in vitro. Thus, a whole killed virion could serve as a candidate antigen for a SARS vaccine to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity.
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