Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2004
Effect of influenza vaccination on excess deaths occurring during periods of high circulation of influenza: cohort study in elderly people.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Influenza Vaccine to Prevent Adverse Vascular Events: A Pilot Study
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Influenza Vaccine to Prevent Adverse Vascular Events
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal vaccinations on the incidence of cardiovascular events in subjects aged over 65 years: a systematic review.GeroScience · 2023Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Influenza vaccination in the elderly: impact on hospitalisation and mortality.Drugs & aging · 2005Pooled it
- Influenza vaccination in the elderly: 25 years follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. No impact on long-term mortality.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of adjuvanted influenza vaccination in elderly subjects in northern Italy.American journal of epidemiology · 2012Trial
- Forecasting influenza hospital admissions within English sub-regions using hierarchical generalised additive models.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Presentations of children to emergency departments across Europe and the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational observational study.PLoS medicine · 2022Observational
- Influenza vaccination among Dutch general practitioners and their attitude toward influenza vaccination in the elderly.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Effects of influenza vaccination on the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and all-cause mortality.Ageing research reviews · 2020Review
- The Dutch influenza vaccination policy and medication use, outpatient visits, hospitalization and mortality at age 65.European journal of public health · 2020Article
- Randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccine in patients with heart failure to reduce adverse vascular events (IVVE): Rationale and design.American heart journal · 2019Article
- [Economic and Health impact of influenza vaccination with adjuvant MF59 in population over 64 years in Spain].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2018Article
- Health effects of milder winters: a review of evidence from the United Kingdom.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Review
- Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination of Hospitalized Elderly Patients in Spain.PloS one · 2016Article
- Enhanced Estimates of the Influenza Vaccination Effect in Preventing Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.Medicine · 2015Article
- Safety and tolerability of intradermal influenza vaccination in patients with cardiovascular disease.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2014Article
- Article
- Impact of the GP contract on inequalities associated with influenza immunisation: a retrospective population-database analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2011Article
- Cost-effectiveness of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccination in the United States.PloS one · 2011Article
- Measuring preventive procedures by French GPs: an observational survey.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the protection against death provided by vaccination against influenza.
designProspective cohort follow up supplemented by weekly national counts of influenza confirmed in the community.
settingPrimary care.
participants24,535 patients aged over 75 years from 73 general practices in Great Britain.
main outcome measureDeath.
resultsIn unvaccinated members of the cohort daily all cause mortality was strongly associated with an index of influenza circulating in the population (mortality ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.29 at 90th centile of circulating influenza). The association was strongest for respiratory deaths but was also present for cardiovascular deaths. In contrast, in vaccinated people mortality from any cause was not associated with circulating influenza. The difference in patterns between vaccinated and unvaccinated people could not easily be due to chance (P = 0.02, all causes).
conclusionsThis study, using a novel and robust approach to control for confounding, provides robust evidence of a protective effect on mortality of vaccination against influenza.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.