ReviewCritical care (London, England)2004
Nosocomial infections and immunity: lesson from brain-injured patients.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of probiotics on serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine and clinical outcomes in severe traumatic brain-injured patients: a prospective randomized pilot study.Critical care (London, England) · 2011Trial
- Epidemiology and Outcomes of Battlefield-Related Penetrating and Closed Traumatic Brain Injuries Compared to Non-Head Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Military medicine · 2026Article
- Chronic behavioral and seizure outcomes following experimental traumatic brain injury and comorbid Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection in mice.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of developing infections in the central nervous system and periphery.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Hospital-acquired infections as a risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy: A registry-based cohort study.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Dysregulated brain-gut axis in the setting of traumatic brain injury: review of mechanisms and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms on Severe Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: An Observational Study.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Regulatory T lymphocytes in traumatic brain injury.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in severe acquired brain injury: a retrospective multicenter study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Brain-lung interaction: a vicious cycle in traumatic brain injury.Acute and critical care · 2022Article
- Central nervous system injury-induced immune suppression.Neurosurgical focus · 2022Review
- Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on CRP, IL-6, and Length of ICU Stay in Traumatic Brain Injuries and Multiple Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Peripheral Infection after Traumatic Brain Injury Augments Excitability in the Perilesional Cortex and Dentate Gyrus.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Cultures in Traumatic Brain Injury: Is It Worth It? A Two-Center Study.Surgical infections · 2021Article
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios and Infections after Traumatic Brain Injury: Associations with Hospital Resource Utilization and Long-Term Outcome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- A systemic immune challenge to model hospital-acquired infections independently regulates immune responses after pediatric traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- NADPH oxidases in traumatic brain injury - Promising therapeutic targets?Redox biology · 2018Review
- Diffuse traumatic brain injury induces prolonged immune dysregulation and potentiates hyperalgesia following a peripheral immune challenge.Molecular pain · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Of brain-injured patients admitted to intensive care units, a significant number acquires nosocomial infections. Increased susceptibility to infectious agents could, at least partly, be due to transient immunodepression triggered by brain damage. Immune deficiency in patients with severe brain injury primarily involves T cell dysfunction. However, humoral and phagocytic deficiencies are also detectable. Activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in brain-mediated immunodepression. In this review we discuss the role of immunodepression in the development of nosocomial infections and clinical trials on immunomodulation in brain-injured patients with hospital-acquired infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.