ArticleJournal of virology2004
R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates more efficiently in primary CD4+ T-cell cultures than X4 HIV-1.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- A cell-impermeable kinase inhibitor uncovers outside-in signaling pathways that promote HIV-1 infection.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Glypican-1 upregulation elicited in response to a cell-impermeable kinase inhibitor and its overexpression enhance HIV-1 infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Promoter Methylation of HIV Coreceptor-Related Genes CCR5 and CXCR4: Original Research.Viruses · 2025Article
- The Interplay of HIV and Autophagy in Early Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Different Patterns of HIV-1 Replication in MACROPHAGES is Led by Co-Receptor Usage.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Article
- Distinct mechanisms regulate IL1B gene transcription in lymphoid CD4 T cells and monocytes.Cytokine · 2018Article
- Dissecting How CD4 T Cells Are Lost During HIV Infection.Cell host & microbe · 2016Review
- In vivo analysis of Nef's role in HIV-1 replication, systemic T cell activation and CD4(+) T cell loss.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Article
- Defining differential genetic signatures in CXCR4- and the CCR5-utilizing HIV-1 co-linear sequences.PloS one · 2014Article
- Methamphetamine inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells by modulating anti-HIV-1 miRNA expression.The American journal of pathology · 2014Article
- Inhibition of dual/mixed tropic HIV-1 isolates by CCR5-inhibitors in primary lymphocytes and macrophages.PloS one · 2013Article
- Nef functions in BLT mice to enhance HIV-1 replication and deplete CD4+CD8+ thymocytes.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Article
- Fluorescent Reporter Signals, EGFP, and DsRed, Encoded in HIV-1 Facilitate the Detection of Productively Infected Cells and Cell-Associated Viral Replication Levels.Frontiers in microbiology · 2011Article
- Differential role of autophagy in CD4 T cells and macrophages during X4 and R5 HIV-1 infection.PloS one · 2009Article
- Closing two doors of viral entry: intramolecular combination of a coreceptor- and fusion inhibitor of HIV-1.Virology journal · 2008Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus persistence and production in T-cell development.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2006Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this report, we present evidence that R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates more efficiently in primary CD4+ T cells than X4 HIV-1. By comparing CD3/CD28-costimulated CD4+ T-cell cultures infected by several X4 and R5 HIV-1 strains, we determined that R5-infected CD4+ T cells produce more virus over time than X4-infected CD4+ T cells. In the first comparison, we found that more cells were infected by the X4-tropic strain LAI than by the R5-tropic strain JR-CSF and yet that higher levels of viral production were detected in the R5-infected cultures. The differential viral production was partially due to the severe cytopathic effects of the X4 virus. We also compared cultures infected with the isogenic HIV-1 strains NL4-3 (X4) and 49.5 (R5). We found that fewer cells were infected by the R5 strain, and yet similar levels of viral production were detected in both infected cultures. Cell death played less of a role in the differential viral production of these strains, as the cell viability remained comparable in both X4- and R5-infected cultures over time. The final comparison involved the primary R5-tropic isolate KP1 and the primary dual-tropic isolate KP2. Although both strains infected similar numbers of cells and induced comparable levels of cytopathicity, viral production was considerably higher in the R5-infected culture. In summary, these data demonstrate that R5 HIV-1 has an increased capacity to replicate in costimulated CD4+ T cells compared to X4 HIV-1.
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Registered trials
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