ArticleFilaria journal2004
Mapping the distribution of Loa loa in Cameroon in support of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control.
Article in Filaria journal, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular characterization of filarial infections and their associated risk factors in rural community of Southeastern Gabon.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional investigation of the ophthalmological impact of loiasis in Cameroon, Central Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaremia in the department of Lékoumou, Republic of Congo.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- The Human FilariaResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Projected Number of People With Onchocerciasis-Loiasis Coinfection in Africa, 1995 to 2025.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Comparison of immune responses to Loa loa stage-specific antigen extracts in Loa loa-exposed BALB/c mice upon clearance of infection.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- A novel rapid test for detecting antibody responses to Loa loa infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Ivermectin treatment of Loa loa hyper-microfilaraemic baboons (Papio anubis): Assessment of microfilarial load reduction, haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological changes following treatment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Identification of three immunodominant motifs with atypical isotype profile scattered over the Onchocerca volvulus proteome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Using Community-Level Prevalence of Loa loa Infection to Predict the Proportion of Highly-Infected Individuals: Statistical Modelling to Support Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis Elimination Programs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Filaricidal activities on Onchocerca ochengi and Loa loa, toxicity and phytochemical screening of extracts of Tragia benthami and Piper umbellatum.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2016Article
- Loa loa in the vitreous cavity of the eye.BMJ case reports · 2016Article
- Anterior Chamber Live Loa loa: Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2016Article
- Earth Observation, Spatial Data Quality, and Neglected Tropical Diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Review
- Parasitological, Hematological and Biochemical Characteristics of a Model of Hyper-microfilariaemic Loiasis (Loa loa) in the Baboon (Papio anubis).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Loa loa ecology in central Africa: role of the Congo River system.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Review
- Epidemiology of concomitant infection due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in Gabon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
- The geographic distribution of Loa loa in Africa: results of large-scale implementation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
- The applications of model-based geostatistics in helminth epidemiology and control.Advances in parasitology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLoa loa has recently emerged as a filarial worm of significant public health importance as a consequence of its impact on the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). Severe, sometimes fatal, encephalopathic reactions to ivermectin (the drug of choice for onchocerciasis control) have occurred in some individuals with high Loa loa microfilarial counts. Since high density of Loa loa microfilariae is known to be associated with high prevalence rates, a distribution map of the latter may determine areas where severe reactions might occur. The aim of the study was to identify variables which were significantly associated with the presence of a Loa microfilaraemia in the subjects examined, and to develop a spatial model predicting the prevalence of the Loa microfilaraemia.
methodsEpidemiological data were collected from 14,225 individuals living in 94 villages in Cameroon, and analysed in conjunction with environmental data. A series of logistic regression models (multivariate analysis) was developed to describe variation in the prevalence of Loa loa microfilaraemia using individual level co-variates (age, sex, microl of blood taken for examination) and village level environmental co-variates (including altitude and satellite-derived vegetation indices).
resultsA spatial model of Loa loa prevalence was created within a geographical information system. The model was then validated using an independent data set on Loa loa distribution. When considering both data sets as a whole, and a prevalence threshold of 20%, the sensitivity and the specificity of the model were 81.7 and 69.4%, respectively.
conclusionsThe model developed has proven very useful in defining the areas at risk of post-ivermectin Loa-related severe adverse events. It is now routinely used by APOC when projects of community-directed treatment with ivermectin are examined.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.