Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2004
A phase I trial of DNA vaccination with a plasmid expressing prostate-specific antigen in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- The metabolic addiction of cancer stem cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Vaccination with a plasmid DNA encoding HER-2/neu together with low doses of GM-CSF and IL-2 in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma: a pilot clinical trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2010Trial
- Safety and immunological efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase in patients with stage D0 prostate cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2009Trial
- DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) elicits long-term T-cell responses in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)Trial
- Design of Multi-Epitope Cancer Vaccine Targeting p53 Tumor Antigen using Myotis lucifugus Sequencers: An Immunoinformatics Approach.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Cancer Vaccines in Genitourinary Malignancies: Current Advances and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Synergistic targeting strategies for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Prospects and Challenges of Lung Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunoprevention of non-viral cancers: challenges and strategies for early intervention.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Advances in molecular adjuvants for nucleic acid vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Analysis of physical and biological delivery systems for DNA cancer vaccines and their translation to clinical development.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Vaccines as treatments for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Potential of Personalized Dendritic Cell-Based Immunohybridoma Vaccines to Treat Prostate Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Semen as a rich source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer: latest evidence and implications.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
- Considering the potential for gene-based therapy in prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2021Review
- Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- A Double-Edged Sword Role of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Treatment Combinations with DNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC).Cancers · 2020Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease secreted at low levels by normal luminal epithelial cells of the prostate and in significantly higher levels by prostate cancer cells. Therefore, PSA is a potential target for various immunotherapeutical approaches against prostate cancer. DNA vaccination has been investigated as immunotherapy for infectious diseases in patients and for specific treatment of cancer in certain animal models. In animal studies, we have demonstrated that vaccination with plasmid vector pVAX/PSA results in PSA-specific cellular response and protection against tumour challenge. The purpose of the trial was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and biological efficacy of pVAX/PSA vaccine in the clinic. A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. To evaluate the biologically active dose, the vaccine was administered during five cycles in doses of 100, 300 and 900 microg, with three patients in each cohort. Eight patients were evaluable. A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort. A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA. No adverse effects (WHO grade >2) were observed in any dose cohort. We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.