ArticleJournal of virology1992
Nuclear localization signals, but not putative leucine zipper motifs, are essential for nuclear transport of hepatitis delta antigen.
Article in Journal of virology, 1992. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Woodchuck and deer Hepatitis Delta-like agents show distinct innate immune activation and IFN-resistance compared to human Hepatitis D Virus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification of a novel interaction site between the large hepatitis delta antigen and clathrin that regulates the assembly of genotype III hepatitis delta virus.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Chronic hepatitis delta: A state-of-the-art review and new therapies.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Review
- Cellular Nuclear Export Factors TAP and Aly Are Required for HDAg-L-mediated Assembly of Hepatitis Delta Virus.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Hepatitis D Virus Replication.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2015Review
- Nuclear export signal-interacting protein forms complexes with lamin A/C-Nups to mediate the CRM1-independent nuclear export of large hepatitis delta antigen.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Clathrin-mediated post-Golgi membrane trafficking in the morphogenesis of hepatitis delta virus.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- The C-terminal sequence of the large hepatitis delta antigen is variable but retains the ability to bind clathrin.Virology journal · 2009Article
- Identification of TCP10L as primate-specific gene derived via segmental duplication and homodimerization of TCP10L through the leucine zipper motif.Molecular biology reports · 2008Article
- Large hepatitis delta antigen is a novel clathrin adaptor-like protein.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Nuclear import and export of influenza virus nucleoprotein.Journal of virology · 1997Article
- Casein kinase II and protein kinase C modulate hepatitis delta virus RNA replication but not empty viral particle assembly.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- Association with capsid proteins promotes nuclear targeting of simian virus 40 DNA.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1996Article
- Nuclear localization signals overlap DNA- or RNA-binding domains in nucleic acid-binding proteins.Nucleic acids research · 1995Review
- Splinkerettes--improved vectorettes for greater efficiency in PCR walking.Nucleic acids research · 1995Article
- Functional domains of delta antigens and viral RNA required for RNA packaging of hepatitis delta virus.Journal of virology · 1995Article
- Mutational analysis of delta antigen: effect on assembly and replication of hepatitis delta virus.Journal of virology · 1994Article
- Functional motifs of delta antigen essential for RNA binding and replication of hepatitis delta virus.Journal of virology · 1993Article
- Relating structure to function in the hepatitis delta virus antigen.Journal of virology · 1993Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is the only known protein of hepatitis delta virus and was previously shown to localize in the nucleoplasm of infected liver cells. In this study, nuclear localization signals of HDAg were defined by expressing various domains of the antigen in both hepatic and nonhepatic cells as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. A cytochemical staining assay demonstrated that a domain from amino acid residues 35 to 88 of HDAg was able to facilitate transport to the nucleus of the originally cytoplasm-localized protein beta-galactosidase. Two nuclear localization signals, NLS1 and NLS2, which are similar to those of simian virus 40 T antigen and polyomavirus T antigen, respectively, were identified. Either NLS1 or NLS2 alone was sufficient for the nuclear transport of HDAg. However, a fusion protein (N65Z) containing beta-galactosidase and the N-terminal 65 amino acids of HDAg, containing NLS1, was localized exclusively in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region. A possible hydrophobic subdomain between amino acid residues 50 and 65 may block the function of NLS1. Nevertheless, N65Z could enter the nuclei of transfected cells when it was coexpressed with full-length HDAg. Entry into the nucleus may be mediated by the coiled-coil structure rather than the putative leucine zipper motif located between amino acid residues 35 and 65. The existence of two independent nuclear localization signals may ensure the proper functioning of HDAg in the multiplication of delta virus in the nucleus. In addition, two putative casein kinase II sites (SRSE-5 and SREE-126) that may be important in controlling the rate of nuclear transport were found in HDAg.
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