ArticleAnnals of surgery2004
Innate immunity genes influence the severity of acute appendicitis.
Article in Annals of surgery, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Genetics of Innate Immune Response After Burn Trauma
The Hasselt APPendicitis Immunology and Environmental Cohort STudy
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complicated appendicitis in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ANZ journal of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Swedish national guidelines for diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults and children.BJS open · 2025Guideline
- Meta-analysis of in-hospital delay before surgery as a risk factor for complications in patients with acute appendicitis.The British journal of surgery · 2018Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2012Pooled it
- Uncomplicated and Complicated Acute Appendicitis Induce Different Cytokine Patterns.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- Safety of in-hospital delay of appendectomy in complicated appendicitis - a propensity score-matched analysis of 1027 patients.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Safety of In-Hospital Delay of Appendectomy in Elderly Patients-A Retrospective Analysis of 525 Consecutive Patients Aged 65 and Older Undergoing Surgery for Suspected Appendicitis.World journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Appendicitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting perforation in the early 24 h of acute appendicitis.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- The appendix-mucosal immunity and tolerance in the gut: consequences for the syndromes of appendicitis and its epidemiology.ANZ journal of surgery · 2022Article
- Distribution of RET proto-oncogene variants in children with appendicitis.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2022Article
- Impact of Human Genetic Variation on C-Reactive Protein Concentrations and Acute Appendicitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunohistochemical Inflammation in Histologically Normal Appendices in Patients with Right Iliac Fossa Pain.World journal of surgery · 2021Article
- Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Prolong the Time Till Diagnosis and Worsen Outcomes for Children with Acute Appendicitis?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Revisiting delayed appendectomy in patients with acute appendicitis.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- An observational study of innate immune responses in patients with acute appendicitis.Scientific reports · 2020Observational
- Genetic polymorphism patterns suggest a genetic driven inflammatory response as pathogenesis in appendicitis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2020Article
- Article
- Familial history aggregation on acute appendicitis.BMJ case reports · 2017Article
- Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis: How to discourage surgeons using inadequate therapy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUsing acute appendicitis as a model, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in genes involved in host defense can be associated with the severity of local infection-inflammation in humans. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Innate immunity is the body's front-line system for antimicrobial host defense. Local inflammation is a major innate immune mechanism for containing and destroying microbes, but it may also contribute to tissue injury.
methodsWe studied 134 patients with acute appendicitis treated at an urban hospital. We looked for associations between the severity of appendicitis (uncomplicated vs. perforated or gangrenous), plasma and peritoneal cytokine concentrations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in recognizing bacterial molecules [CD14 (-159 C-->T); TLR4 (896 A-->G)] and in mounting an inflammatory response [IL-6 (-174 G-->C), TNF-alpha (-308 G-->A), IL-1beta (-31 C -->T)].
resultsNinety-one patients (68%) had uncomplicated appendicitis and 43 (32%) had complicated disease. The SNPs in the CD14, TLR4, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha genes were not associated with the severity of appendicitis. A strong association was found between C-allele carriage at -174 in the IL-6 gene and decreased risk of complicated disease (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07-0.76). Lower plasma and peritoneal fluid IL-6 concentrations in the IL-6 -174 C-carriers than in the GG homozygotes suggest that this polymorphism contributes to decreased IL-6 production in vivo.
conclusionsPolymorphism in the IL-6 gene was associated with the severity of appendicitis, even after adjustment for duration of symptoms. The risk for developing appendiceal perforation or gangrene may be determined, in part, by variation in the IL-6 gene.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.