ArticleThe Plant cell2004
Arabidopsis thaliana GLN2-encoded glutamine synthetase is dual targeted to leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Article in The Plant cell, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial glutamine synthetase overexpression in tomato source leaves increases assimilate export and fruit yield.The Plant cell · 2026Article
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- Triphenylphosphonium is an effective targeting moiety for plant mitochondria.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- A Holistic Investigation of Arabidopsis Proteomes Altered in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Retrograde Signalling Identifies PsbO as a Key Regulator of Chloroplast Quality Control.Plant, cell & environment · 2025Article
- Streamline Protocol forPlant direct · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of the glutamine synthetase gene family in oat (Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Magnesium promotes tea plant growth via enhanced glutamine synthetase-mediated nitrogen assimilation.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Histone chaperone NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN 1 proteins affect plant growth under nitrogen deficient conditions inPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Ammonium-nitrate mixtures dominated by NHFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of the Nitrogen Metabolism Toolbox Reveals Its Evolution and Abiotic Stress Responsiveness in Rice (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Association of Grain Yield and Agronomical Traits with Genes of Plant Height, Photoperiod Sensitivity and Plastid Glutamine Synthetase in Winter Bread Wheat (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Wheat glutamine synthetase TaGSr-4B is a candidate gene for a QTL of thousand grain weight on chromosome 4B.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2022Article
- Compartment-specific energy requirements of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in Camelina sativa leaves.Planta · 2022Article
- Genetic Diversity in Nitrogen Fertiliser Responses and N Gas Emission in Modern Wheat.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Soybean Leaf Proteomic Profile Influenced by Rhizobacteria Under Optimal and Salt Stress Conditions.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Transport Proteins Enabling Plant Photorespiratory Metabolism.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- iTRAQ-based proteome profiling revealed the role of Phytochrome A in regulating primary metabolism in tomato seedling.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Nonaqueous fractionation and overexpression of fluorescent-tagged enzymes reveals the subcellular sites of L-theanine biosynthesis in tea.Plant biotechnology journal · 2021Article
- Article
- The plant defensin gene AtPDF2.1 mediates ammonium metabolism by regulating glutamine synthetase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana.BMC plant biology · 2019Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In higher plants, photorespiratory Gly oxidation in leaf mitochondria yields ammonium in large amounts. Mitochondrial ammonium must somehow be recovered as glutamate in chloroplasts. As the first step in that recovery, we report glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in highly purified Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria isolated from light-adapted leaf tissue. Leaf mitochondrial GS activity is further induced in response to either physiological CO(2) limitation or transient darkness. Historically, whether mitochondria are fully competent for oxidative phosphorylation in actively photorespiring leaves has remained uncertain. Here, we report that light-adapted, intact, leaf mitochondria supplied with Gly as sole energy source are fully competent for oxidative phosphorylation. Purified intact mitochondria efficiently use Gly oxidation (as sole energy, NH(3), and CO(2) source) to drive conversion of l-Orn to l-citrulline, an ATP-dependent process. An A. thaliana genome-wide search for nuclear gene(s) encoding mitochondrial GS activity yielded a single candidate, GLN2. Stably transgenic A. thaliana ecotype Columbia plants expressing a p35S::GLN2::green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeric reporter were constructed. When observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy, leaf mesophyll and epidermal tissue of transgenic plants showed punctate GFP fluorescence that colocalized with mitochondria. In immunoblot experiments, a 41-kD chimeric GLN2::GFP protein was present in both leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts of these stably transgenic plants. Therefore, the GLN2 gene product, heretofore labeled plastidic GS-2, functions in both leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts to faciliate ammonium recovery during photorespiration.
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