ArticleNature2004
Transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis by sand flies is enhanced by regurgitation of fPPG.
Article in Nature, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 294 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photodynamic therapy in management of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review.Lasers in medical science · 2024Pooled it
- New insights on the Feeding Site and Salivation by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) During Blood Ingestion on Host Skin.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Identification of transporters essential for survival of Leishmania promastigotes in the digestive tract of sand flies.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- What goes down may come up: regurgitative behaviors and their underlying gut-brain axes-insights from genetic models and related pathologies.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Review
- Development of a novel ddPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of the protozoan parasites Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tarentolae.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Improving reproducibility and translational potential of mouse models: lessons from studying leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- FcRγIIA attenuates pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and modulates ITAMa/i balance.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Review
- Unveiling the Enigmatic nature of six neglected Amazonian Leishmania (Viannia) species using the hamster model: Virulence, Histopathology and prospection of LRV1.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Role of themBio · 2024Article
- Characterization of bacteria expectorated during forced salivation of the Phlebotomus papatasi: A neglected component of sand fly infectious inoculums.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- C-reactive protein binds to short phosphoglycan repeats ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Co-infection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of Virulence Factors of Trypanosomatids in the Insect Vector and Putative Genetic Events Involved in Surface Protein Diversity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Micro-CT visualization of a promastigote secretory gel (PSG) and parasite plug in the digestive tract of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis infected with Leishmania mexicana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Insights intoVeterinary sciences · 2021Review
- Characterization of a new Leishmania major strain for use in a controlled human infection model.Nature communications · 2021Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sand flies are the exclusive vectors of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, but the mechanism of transmission by fly bite has not been determined nor incorporated into experimental models of infection. In sand flies with mature Leishmania infections the anterior midgut is blocked by a gel of parasite origin, the promastigote secretory gel. Here we analyse the inocula from Leishmania mexicana-infected Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. Analysis revealed the size of the infectious dose, the underlying mechanism of parasite delivery by regurgitation, and the novel contribution made to infection by filamentous proteophosphoglycan (fPPG), a component of promastigote secretory gel found to accompany the parasites during transmission. Collectively these results have important implications for understanding the relationship between the parasite and its vector, the pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and also the development of effective vaccines and drugs. These findings emphasize that to fully understand transmission of vector-borne diseases the interaction between the parasite, its vector and the mammalian host must be considered together.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.