SynthesisArchives of disease in childhood2004
Does weaning influence growth and health up to 18 months?
Synthesis in Archives of disease in childhood, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type of Milk Feeding and Introduction to Complementary Foods in Relation to Infant Sleep: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Complementary Feeding: Recommendations for the Introduction of Allergenic Foods and Gluten in the Preterm Infant.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- The Long-Term Effects of Dietary Nutrient Intakes during the First 2 Years of Life in Healthy Infants from Developed Countries: An Umbrella Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Age at Weaning and Infant Growth: Primary Analysis and Systematic Review.The Journal of pediatrics · 2015Pooled it
- Association between timing of introducing solid foods and obesity in infancy and childhood: a systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2011Pooled it
- "An Injurious and Utterly Unfit Environment": A Case Study Comparing Dental Evidence of Childhood Stress in Nineteenth Century Working-Class Peoples From British and Colonial New Zealand Contexts.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Reflections of Their Homelands-Early Life Enamel Formation Disruption in Nineteenth Century Settlers of Otago, New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Article
- Introduction of Solid Foods in Preterm Infants and Its Impact on Growth in the First Year of Life-A Prospective Observational Study.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Article
- Complementary feeding in preterm infants: a position paper by Italian neonatal, paediatric and paediatric gastroenterology joint societies.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Complementary Feeding and Growth in Infants Born Preterm: A 12 Months Follow-Up Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean children and adolescents: a review of national survey data.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Review
- Association of age of initiation and type of complementary foods with body mass index and weight-for-length at 12 months of age in preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Observational
- Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants: Where Do We Stand?Nutrients · 2020Article
- Appropriate age range for introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
- TAS2R38 bitter taste genotype is associated with complementary feeding behavior in infants.Genes & nutrition · 2019Article
- Breastfeeding in Samoa: A Study to Explore Women's Knowledge and the Factors which Influence Infant Feeding Practices.Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health · 2017Article
- Food choices made by low-income households when feeding their pre-school children: a qualitative study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNational and international recommendations for the age of introducing solid foods (weaning) are founded on insufficient evidence and little is known about the short and medium term consequences associated with early or late weaning. AIMS AND
methodsData from over 1600 infants from five prospective randomised trials conducted in the UK between 1993 and 1997 were used to determine the influence of weaning < or =12 weeks or >12 weeks on growth and health outcomes (diarrhoea and vomiting, lower respiratory chest infections, atopy, sleep patterns) up to 18 months post-term, in term appropriate for gestational age (AGA), term small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm infants.
resultsTerm infants weaned < or =12 weeks were heavier at 12 weeks of age than those weaned after 12 weeks, but showed slower gain in weight, length, and head circumference between 12 weeks and 18 months than those weaned after 12 weeks; by 18 months, there were no significant differences in size between the two groups. A similar pattern was seen in preterm infants. Breast fed term infants were more likely to be sleeping though the night at 9 months if they were weaned before 12 weeks. No weaning effects or interactions were observed for health outcomes.
conclusionsWe found little evidence that weaning before or after 12 weeks influences health outcomes up to 18 months. Early weaned infants were larger at 12 weeks than later weaned infants but the growth trajectories of the two groups "converged" by 18 months. These findings do not exclude the later emergence of programmed effects of weaning practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.