ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Variable var transition rates underlie antigenic variation in malaria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed.
- Induction of strain-transcending antibodies against Group A PfEMP1 surface antigens from virulent malaria parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- Mechanistic insights into coordinated var transcriptional switching in malaria parasites.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- PfEMP1 and var genes - Still of key importance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis and immunity.Advances in parasitology · 2024Review
- Different PfEMP1-expressing Plasmodium falciparum variants induce divergent endothelial transcriptional responses during co-culture.PloS one · 2023Article
- A coordinated transcriptional switching network mediates antigenic variation of human malaria parasites.eLife · 2022Article
- Stochastic expression of invasion genes in Plasmodium falciparum schizonts.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Malian adults maintain serologic responses to virulent PfEMP1s amid seasonal patterns of fluctuation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Mapping immune variation andeLife · 2021Article
- Babesia bovis Rad51 ortholog influences switching of ves genes but is not essential for segmental gene conversion in antigenic variation.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Rapid activation of distinct members of multigene families in Plasmodium spp.Communications biology · 2020Article
- Cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria: The role of PfEMP1 in its pathogenesis and immunity, and PfEMP1-based vaccines to prevent it.Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Biophysical and biomolecular interactions of malaria-infected erythrocytes in engineered human capillaries.Science advances · 2020Article
- Usefulness of a biomarker to identify placental dysfunction in the context of malaria.Malaria journal · 2017Review
- Mosquito Passage Dramatically Changes var Gene Expression in Controlled Human Plasmodium falciparum Infections.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Article
- A comparative study of the localization and membrane topology of members of the RIFIN, STEVOR and PfMC-2TM protein families in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.Malaria journal · 2015Article
- The Emerging Role for RNA Polymerase II in Regulating Virulence Gene Expression in Malaria Parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2015Review
- A Unique Virulence Gene Occupies a Principal Position in Immune Evasion by the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- High-throughput screening platform identifies small molecules that prevent sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Dissecting the determinants of malaria chronicity: why within-host models struggle to reproduce infection dynamics.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2015Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes where it plays a central role in both infected erythrocytes cytoadhesion and immune evasion. Switches in clonal expression of PfEMP1 result in antigenic variation that facilitates long-term chronic infection of the host. The var gene family encodes PfEMP1 variants, with transcriptional switching between different var variants providing the molecular basis for antigenic variation. Despite the importance of var transcriptional switching in the evasion of the immune response, little is known about the way in which this process is regulated. Here we report the measurement of transition on and off rates for a series of var gene variants. We find (i) that on and off rates for a given variant are dissimilar, (ii) that these rates vary dramatically among different variants, and (iii) that in isogenic clones expressing the same var gene, both on and off rates are constant and appear to be an intrinsic property of that particular gene. These data would suggest that the information that determines the probability of the activation or silencing of var genes is present in their surrounding DNA. Furthermore, some transitions appear to be disallowed depending on the recent variant antigen expression history of the parasite clone. These findings have important implications for both the underlying molecular mechanisms of antigenic variation and the processes that promote chronicity of infection in vivo.
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