ArticlePLoS biology2004
A chromosomal memory triggered by Xist regulates histone methylation in X inactivation.
Article in PLoS biology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 387 citations in OpenAlex.
- Graded versus ON/OFF control in quantitative gene expression and epigenetic memory.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Comprehensive CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis identifies single-amino acid substitutions that abrogate SPEN function in X inactivation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Establishment and Maintenance of Repressed Chromatin States on Dosage-Compensated Sex Chromosomes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Implication of the Mediator kinase module in CIZ1 recruitment and gene silencing byEpigenetics reports · 2025Article
- An evolving landscape of PRC2-RNA interactions in chromatin regulation.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Coordinated histone methylation loss and MYC activation promote translational capacity under amino acid restriction.Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- B cell stimulation changes the structure and higher-order organization of the inactive X chromosome.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Isogenic comparison of Airn and Xist reveals core principles of Polycomb recruitment by lncRNAs.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Deletion of Xist repeat B disrupts cell cycle and asymmetric cell division through Usp9x hyperactivation in mice.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Multifaceted role of CTCF in X-chromosome inactivation.Chromosoma · 2024Review
- Visualizing histone H4K20me1 in knock-in mice expressing the mCherry-tagged modification-specific intracellular antibody.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2024Article
- A dynamic in vitro model of Down syndrome neurogenesis with trisomy 21 gene dosage correction.Science advances · 2024Article
- Denaturing purifications demonstrate that PRC2 and other widely reported chromatin proteins do not appear to bind directly to RNA in vivo.Molecular cell · 2024Article
- IndiSPENsable for X Chromosome Inactivation and Gene Silencing.Epigenomes · 2023Review
- Unusual X chromosome inactivation maintenance in female alveolar type 2 cells is correlated with increased numbers of X-linked escape genes and sex-biased gene expression.Stem cell reports · 2023Article
- Chromosome silencing in vitro reveals trisomy 21 causes cell-autonomous deficits in angiogenesis and early dysregulation in Notch signaling.Cell reports · 2022Article
- The X chromosome in C. elegans sex determination and dosage compensation.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2022Review
- The Molecular and Nuclear Dynamics of X-Chromosome Inactivation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Review
- Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have elucidated the kinetics of histone methylation during X inactivation using an inducible Xist expression system in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Previous reports showed that the ability of Xist to trigger silencing is restricted to an early window in ES cell differentiation. Here we show that this window is also important for establishing methylation patterns on the potential inactive X chromosome. By immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments we show that histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27m3) and H4 lysine 20 monomethylation (H4K20m1) are associated with Xist expression in undifferentiated ES cells and mark the initiation of X inactivation. Both marks depend on Xist RNA localisation but are independent of silencing. Induction of Xist expression after the initiation window leads to a markedly reduced ability to induce H3K27m3, whereas expression before the restrictive time point allows efficient H3K27m3 establishment. Our data show that Xist expression early in ES cell differentiation establishes a chromosomal memory, which is maintained in the absence of silencing. One consequence of this memory is the ability to introduce H3K27m3 efficiently after the restrictive time point on the chromosome that has expressed Xist early. Our results suggest that this silencing-independent chromosomal memory has important implications for the maintenance of X inactivation, where previously self-perpetuating heterochromatin structures were viewed as the principal form of memory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.