ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Attenuation control of pyrG expression in Bacillus subtilis is mediated by CTP-sensitive reiterative transcription.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nascent RNA profiling reveals genome-wide productive reiterative initiation regulating gene transcription in bacteria.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Structural and mechanistic basis of reiterative transcription initiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Overexpression of uracil permease and nucleoside transporter from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improves cytidine production in Escherichia coli.Biotechnology letters · 2021Article
- Structural basis of reiterative transcription from the pyrG and pyrBI promoters by bacterial RNA polymerase.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression by Transcription Attenuation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2019Review
- Conserved and specific features of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae transcriptional landscapes.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- X-ray crystal structure of a reiterative transcription complex reveals an atypical RNA extension pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Thiophenecarboxamide Derivatives Activated by EthA Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Inhibiting the CTP Synthetase PyrG.Chemistry & biology · 2015Article
- Single nucleotide resolution RNA-seq uncovers new regulatory mechanisms in the opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Metabolic and genetic factors affecting the productivity of pyrimidine nucleoside in Bacillus subtilis.Microbial cell factories · 2015Article
- Article
- Growth phase-dependent control of transcription start site selection and gene expression by nanoRNAs.Genes & development · 2012Article
- Human body temperature and new approaches to constructing temperature-sensitive bacterial vaccines.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2011Review
- NanoRNAs prime transcription initiation in vivo.Molecular cell · 2011Article
- Regulation of gene expression by reiterative transcription.Current opinion in microbiology · 2011Review
- Heavy involvement of stringent transcription control depending on the adenine or guanine species of the transcription initiation site in glucose and pyruvate metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.Journal of bacteriology · 2010Article
- Monitoring abortive initiation.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2009Review
- Regulation of pyrimidine biosynthetic gene expression in bacteria: repression without repressors.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2008Review
- The number of G residues in the Bacillus subtilis pyrG initially transcribed region governs reiterative transcription-mediated regulation.Journal of bacteriology · 2007Article
- Cross-regulation of the Bacillus subtilis glnRA and tnrA genes provides evidence for DNA binding site discrimination by GlnR and TnrA.Journal of bacteriology · 2006Article
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria, pyrimidine-mediated regulation of the pyrG gene, which encodes CTP synthetase, occurs through an attenuation mechanism involving an intrinsic transcription terminator in the pyrG leader region. Low intracellular levels of CTP prevent termination at the attenuator by a mechanism that requires the nontemplate strand sequence GGGC at the pyrG transcription initiation site (first G =+1) and the leader transcript sequence GCUCCC located at the 5' end of the terminator RNA hairpin. In this study, we demonstrate that reiterative transcription adds G residues (up to at least 10) to the 5' end of pyrG transcripts when B. subtilis cells are starved for pyrimidines but not when cells are grown with excess cytidine. Regulated repetitive addition of G residues, as well as pyrimidine-mediated pyrG regulation, requires the sequence GGGC or GGGT at the start of pyrG transcription. Mutational insertion of four extra G residues at the 5' end of the pyrG transcript (i.e., 5'-GGGGGGGC) results in constitutive pyrG expression. We propose that the incorporation of extra G residues by reiterative transcription at the wild-type promoter occurs when normal transcription elongation is stalled at position +4 by low levels of the incoming substrate, CTP, during pyrimidine limitation. The poly(G) extensions on the 5' ends of pyrG transcripts act to prevent transcription attenuation by base pairing with the sequence CUCCCUUUC located in the 5' strand of the terminator hairpin. This control mechanism is likely to operate in other Gram-positive bacteria containing similar pyrG leader sequences.
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