ArticlePlant physiology2004
Spermidine synthase genes are essential for survival of Arabidopsis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the polyamine metabolism-related genes in Foxtail millet (Setaria Italica L.).Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Evolution of polyamine resistance inmSphere · 2025Article
- Identification of Growth-Related SNPs and Candidate Genes in the Genome of Zig-Zag Eel (Mastacembelus armatus) by GWAS.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Evolution of polyamine resistance inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Molecular Insights into the Synergistic Effects of Putrescine and Ammonium on Dinoflagellates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exogenous Putrescine Modulates Nitrate Reductase-Dependent NO Production in Cucumber Seedlings Subjected to Salt Stress.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Apomixis: oh, what a tangled web we have!Planta · 2023Review
- Metabolic control of arginine and ornithine levels paces the progression of leaf senescence.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Piriformospora indica recruits host-derived putrescine for growth promotion in plants.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4-Regulated Metabolic Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis.iScience · 2021Article
- Spermidine Induces Expression of Stress Associated Proteins (SAPs) Genes and Protects Rice Seed from Heat Stress-Induced Damage during Grain-Filling.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cadaverine regulates biotin synthesis to modulate primary root growth in Arabidopsis.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2021Article
- Putrescine Depletion Affects Arabidopsis Root Meristem Size by Modulating Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling and ROS Accumulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Polyamine Metabolism Is Involved in the Direct Regeneration of Shoots from Arabidopsis Lateral Root Primordia.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Spermidine Is Critical for Growth, Development, Environmental Adaptation, and Virulence inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Nested-association mapping (NAM)-based genetic dissection uncovers candidate genes for seed and pod weights in peanut (Arachis hypogaea).Plant biotechnology journal · 2020Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cellular polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are ubiquitous in nature and have been implicated in a wide range of growth and developmental processes. There is little information, however, on mutant plants or animals defective in the synthesis of polyamines. The Arabidopsis genome has two genes encoding spermidine synthase, SPDS1 and SPDS2. In this paper, we describe T-DNA insertion mutants of both of these genes. While each mutant allele shows normal growth, spds1-1 spds2-1 double-mutant seeds are abnormally shrunken and they have embryos that are arrested morphologically at the heart-torpedo transition stage. These seeds contain significantly reduced levels of spermidine and high levels of its precursor, putrescine. The embryo lethal phenotype of spds1-1 spds2-1 is complemented by the wild-type SPDS1 gene. In addition, we observed a nearly identical seed phenotype among an F2 seed population from the cross between the spds2-1 allele and SPDS1 RNA interference transgenic lines. These data provide the first genetic evidence indicating a critical role of the spermidine synthase in plant embryo development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.