ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2004
Longitudinal profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to the SARS coronavirus.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mucosal Immunoglobulin A in Clinical Saliva Samples After a Dose of Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine.Journal of medical virology · 2025Trial
- Validation of a Mucosal IgA Assay for SARS-CoV-2.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on HIV Viral Load in Patients Under Bictegravir/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Convalescent anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study RESCOVID-19.Virology journal · 2024Observational
- Immunoglobulins in COVID-19 pneumonia: from the acute phase to the recovery phase.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Review
- Sensitivities of a Rapid Test Versus an ELISA Kit for Detecting Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in Sera from an Egyptian Cohort.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- T-Cell Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals and Individuals Vaccinated with the Combined Vector Vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Prediction of short-term mortality in elderly patients with sepsis using immunoglobulin G2: An observational study.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Ultrasensitive monitoring of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses based on a digital approach reveals one week of IgG seroconversion.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Lateral Flow Immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Risk management and communication plans from SARS to COVID-19 and beyond.The International journal of health planning and management · 2022Review
- The durability of natural infection and vaccine-induced immunity against future infection by SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty?Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- From Pandemicity to Endemicity: The Journey of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2022Article
- Article
- Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses?Infection · 2022Review
- Characteristic of IgA and IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian referral COVID-19 Hospital.Internal and emergency medicine · 2022Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
By using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum specimens serially collected (from day 0 to day 240 after symptom onset) from patients with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV, we analyzed the longitudinal profiles of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein in patients with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV. For IgG, the median optical density at 450 nm (OD450) turned positive at day 17 and a biphasic response was observed. At day 240, all patients were still positive for anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG antibody. For IgM, the median OD450 turned positive at day 20.5, peaked at about day 80, and fell to below the baseline level at about day 180. At day 240, 36% of the patients were still positive for anti-nucleocapsid protein IgM antibody. For IgA, the median OD450 turned positive at day 17, peaked at about day 50, and fell to below the baseline level at about day 180. At day 240, 36% of the patients were still positive for anti-nucleocapsid protein IgA antibody. The time of seroconversion detected by the recombinant SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein-based ELISA and that detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay were similar. The median times of seroconversion for IgG, IgM, and IgA detected by the indirect immunofluorescence assay were 17 days (17 days by ELISA), 16.5 days (20.5 days by ELISA), and 17.5 days (17 days by ELISA), respectively, after disease onset. One, four, and one of the six patients who died did not produce any IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV, respectively, although these antibodies were detected in all six patients by the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Further studies should be performed to see whether SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein antibody positivity has any prognostic significance.
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