ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2004
Inhibition of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer implanted in nude mice by d-limonene.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated WGCNA and Network Pharmacology Explore the Potential Mechanisms of D-Limonene in Alleviating Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Recent insights in the importance of limonene and its biotransformed value added compounds.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Applications of Limonene in Neoplasms and Non-Neoplastic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- D-Limonene Exhibits Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) Cells via Regulation of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- From Citrus to Clinic: Limonene's Journey Through Preclinical Research, Clinical Trials, and Formulation Innovations.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Antitumor components and mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Anticancer Effects ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Overview of the Spices Used for the Prevention and Potential Treatment of Gastric Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- D-limonene inhibits peritoneal adhesion formation in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidative effects.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Thiazolidinone-linked-1,2,3-triazoles with (R)-Carvone as new potential anticancer agents.Future medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Inhibitory Effects of Saponin-Rich Extracts fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Combination of tamoxifen and D-limonene enhances therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Investigation of the Genotoxicological Profile of AqueousPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Phytochemicals targeting NF-κB signaling: Potential anti-cancer interventions.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2022Review
- Ultrasonic Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Green Soybean Pods and Application in Green Soybean Milk Antioxidants Fortification.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate the effects and mechanism of d-limonene on the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer in vivo.
methodsMetastatic model simulating human gastric cancer was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human tumor tissue into gastric wall of nude mice. One percent d-limonene was orally administered at dose of 15 ml/kg every other day for seven weeks. Eight weeks after implantation, tumor weight, inhibition rate, apoptotic index (AI), microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), variation of ultrastructure, and the presence of metastasis were evaluated, respectively, after the mice were sacrificed.
resultsThe tumor weight was significantly reduced in 5-FU group (2.55+/-0.28 g), d-limonene group (1.49+/-0.09 g) and combined treatment group (1.48+/-0.21 g) compared with the control group(2.73+/-0.23 g, P<0.05). In 5-FU group, d-limonene group, combined treatment group, the inhibition rates were 2.60%,47.58% and 46.84% and 0, respectively; AI was (3.31+/-0.33)%, (8.26+/-1.21)%, (20.99+/-1.84)% and (19.34+/-2.19)%, respectively; MVD was (8.64+/-2.81), (16.77+/-1.39), (5.32+/-4.26) and (5.86+/-2.27), respectively; VEGF expression was (45.77+/-4.79), (41.34+/-5.41), (29.71+/-8.92) and (28.24+/-8.55), respectively. The incidences of peritoneal metastasis also decreased significantly in 5-FU group(77.8%), d-limonene group (20.0%) and combined group (22.2%) compared with control group (100%) versus 62.5%,30% and 22.2%) (P<0.05). Liver metastasis was also inhibited and the incidences decreased significantly in 5-FU group, d-limonene group and combined group than that in control group (87.5% vs 55.5%, 20.0% and 22.2% respectively)(P<0.05). The incidence of ascites in control group, 5-FU group, d-limonene group and combined group was 25.0%, 22.2%, 0, 0, respectively and 12.5%, 11.1% 0, 0, with respect to the metastasis rate to other organs.
conclusiond-limonene has antiangiogenic and proapoptotic effects on gastric cancer, thereby inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Combination of d-limonene with cytotoxic agents may be more effective.
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