ArticlePlant physiology2004
Proline betaine accumulation and metabolism in alfalfa plants under sodium chloride stress. Exploring its compartmentalization in nodules.
Article in Plant physiology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic profiling strategy for discovery of nutritional biomarkers: proline betaine as a marker of citrus consumption.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2010Trial
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- A dual-substrate methyltransferase catalyzes consecutive methylation reactions to convert proline into stachydrine in Leonurus japonicus.Plant communications · 2026Article
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- Exploring stachydrine: from natural occurrence to biological activities and metabolic pathways.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Adapting to Climate Change withPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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- Salt stress resilience in plants mediated through osmolyte accumulation and its crosstalk mechanism with phytohormones.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Targeted and untargeted metabolomics reveals deep analysis of drought stress responses in needles and roots ofFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- The Emerging Role of Proline in the Establishment and Functioning of Legume-Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Edaphic Adaptation in Wild Barley at Evolution Slope (Tabigha).Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- Salt Stress Enhances Early Symbiotic Gene Expression inMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · 2021Article
- A Beginner's Guide to Osmoprotection by Biostimulants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Biological activity of quaternary ammonium salts and resistance of microorganisms to these compounds.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2021Review
- A Golgi-Localized Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance by Maintaining Higher KFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Metabolomic analyses reveal substances that contribute to the increased freezing tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after continuous water deficit.BMC plant biology · 2020Article
- Glutathione Deficiency inFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- MtpB, a member of the MttB superfamily from the human intestinal acetogenThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Tolerance to Environmental Constraints in Grain and Forage Legumes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- Diversity, distribution and roles of osmoprotective compounds accumulated in halophytes under abiotic stress.Annals of botany · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The osmoprotectant Pro betaine is the main betaine identified in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). We have investigated the long-term responses of nodulated alfalfa plants to salt stress, with a particular interest for Pro betaine accumulation, compartmentalization, and metabolism. Exposure of 3-week-old nodulated alfalfa plants to 0.2 m NaCl for 4 weeks was followed by a 10-, 4-, and 8-fold increase in Pro betaine in shoots, roots, and nodules, respectively. Isotope-labeling studies in alfalfa shoots indicate that [14C]Pro betaine was synthesized from l-[14C]Pro. [14C]Pro betaine was efficiently catabolized through sequential demethylations via N-methylPro and Pro. Salt stress had a minor effect on Pro betaine biosynthesis, whereas it strongly reduced Pro betaine turnover. Analysis of Pro betaine and Pro compartmentalization within nodules revealed that 4 weeks of salinization of the host plants induced a strong increase in cytosol and bacteroids. The estimated Pro betaine and Pro concentrations in salt-stressed bacteroids reached 7.4 and 11.8 mm, respectively, compared to only 0.8 mm in control bacteroids. Na+ content in nodule compartments was also enhanced under salinization, leading to a concentration of 14.7 mm in bacteroids. [14C]Pro betaine and [14C]Pro were taken up by purified symbiosomes and free bacteroids. There was no indication of saturable carrier(s), and the rate of uptake was moderately enhanced by salinization. Ultrastructural analysis showed a large peribacteroid space in salt-stressed nodules, suggesting an increased turgor pressure inside the symbiosomes, which might partially be due to an elevated concentration in Pro, Pro betaine, and Na+ in this compartment.
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