ArticleArthritis research & therapy2004
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have abnormally elevated Epstein-Barr virus load in blood.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Article
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Decoding the association between microorganisms and autoimmunity: a multifaceted review of evidence on specific pathogens that trigger autoimmune diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- EBV Genome Variations and Association With Diseases.Journal of medical virology · 2026Review
- Impact of oncogenic viruses on autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- How Epstein Barr virus shapes lupus autoimmunity: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- T and B cell responses against Epstein-Barr virus in primary sclerosing cholangitis.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- A survey of pathogenic involvement in non-communicable human diseases.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Research landmarks on the 60th anniversary of Epstein-Barr virus.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding the etiology of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases statistically.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Epstein-Barr virus as a potentiator of autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Gene profiling of Epstein-Barr Virus and human endogenous retrovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE patients: immune response implications.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Heightened Epstein-Barr virus immunity and potential cross-reactivities in multiple sclerosis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Shared and distinct interactions of type 1 and type 2 Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 with the human genome.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Review
- Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Autologous Epstein-Barr virus-specific adoptive T-cell therapy in a patient with lupus nephritis.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Potential role of EBV and Toll-like receptor 9 ligand in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Immunologic research · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is among the environmental factors that are suspected of predisposing to SLE, based on the characteristics of EBV itself and on sequence homologies between autoantigens and EBV antigens. In addition, higher titers of anti-EBV antibodies and increased EBV seroconversion rates have been observed in SLE patients as compared with healthy control individuals. Serologic responses do not directly reflect EBV status within the body. Clarification of the precise status of EBV infection in SLE patients would help to improve our understanding of the role played by EBV in this disease. In the present study we determined EBV types in SLE patients (n = 66) and normal control individual (n = 63) by direct PCR analysis of mouthwash samples. We also compared EBV load in blood between SLE patients (n = 24) and healthy control individuals (n = 29) using semiquantitative PCR assay. The number of infections and EBV type distribution were similar between adult SLE patients and healthy control individuals (98.5% versus 94%). Interestingly, the EBV burden in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was over 15-fold greater in SLE patients than in healthy control individuals (mean +/- standard deviation: 463 +/- 570 EBV genome copies/3 microg PBMC DNA versus 30 +/- 29 EBV genome copies/3 microg PBMC DNA; P = 0.001), suggesting that EBV infection is abnormally regulated in SLE. The abnormally increased proportion of EBV-infected B cells in the SLE patients may contribute to enhanced autoantibody production in this disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.