ArticleBritish journal of cancer2004
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in leptomeningeal metastasis: diagnostic and prognostic value.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot study of bevacizumab combined with etoposide and cisplatin in breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.BMC cancer · 2015Trial
- Efficacy evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Review
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leptomeningeal Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Evolving management of HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Review
- Advances in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of leptomeningeal disease.Neuro-oncology advances · 2021Article
- Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and breast cancer: a systematic review of current evidence on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Drugs in context · 2021Review
- Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: Molecular Landscape, Current Management, and Emerging Therapies.Neurosurgery clinics of North America · 2020Review
- Systemic treatment of breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastases using bevacizumab, etoposide and cisplatin (BEEP regimen) significantly improves overall survival.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Bevacizumab treatment of meningeal melanoma metastases.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNAs Associated With Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Lung Adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Erlotinib and bevacizumab combination therapy for afatinib-refractory leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from EGFR-mutated lung cancer.International cancer conference journal · 2019Article
- Novel methods to diagnose leptomeningeal metastases in breast cancer.Neuro-oncology · 2019Review
- An Acquired Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M Mutation after the Addition of Bevacizumab to Preceding Erlotinib Monotherapy in a Lung Cancer Patient with Leptomeningeal Metastases.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- Great efficacy of bevacizumab plus erlotinib for leptomeningeal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer with initially positive EGFR mutation: a case report.Cancer biology & therapy · 2018Article
- Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cells: a novel tool to diagnose leptomeningeal metastases from epithelial tumors.Neuro-oncology · 2017Article
- Bevacizumab for Patients with Recurrent Gliomas Presenting with a Gliomatosis Cerebri Growth Pattern.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Metronomic Capecitabine Effectively Blocks Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.The American journal of case reports · 2017Review
- BL-038, a Benzofuran Derivative, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species/Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Caspases Dependent Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined the diagnostic and prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 39 patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). Vascular endothelial growth factor levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with LM (median 359 pg ml(-1)) than in patients with other neurological diseases (median <25 pg ml(-1)). The specificity of VEGF levels above 250 pg ml(-1) for LM was high (98.3%), while the sensitivity was low (51.4%; 73% for VEGF values above 100 pg ml(-1)). In 49% of the LM patients, particularly with lymphoma or medulloblastoma, VEGF levels were below 250 pg ml(-1) and thus in the range of VEGF levels in other neurological diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels correlated significantly with CSF lactate and albumin. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels mirrored the clinical course with a marked reduction in response to therapy and an increase at relapse in some patients who had serial CSF samples available. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed VEGF below 100 pg ml(-1) (relative risk (RR)=4.24, P=0.0002) and age below 60 years (RR=2.5, P=0.004) to be associated with longer survival in LM. In conclusion, CSF VEGF levels in LM vary considerably. High VEGF levels have a very high specificity for LM and may help to establish the diagnosis. The role of VEGF as a predictor of outcome should be substantiated in prospective studies.
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