ArticleInfection and immunity2004
egc-Encoded superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus are neutralized by human sera much less efficiently than are classical staphylococcal enterotoxins or toxic shock syndrome toxin.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of infecting strains and superantigen-neutralizing antibodies in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Trial
- Staphylococcal superantigens evoke temporary and reversible T cell anergy, but fail to block the development of a bacterium specific cellular immune response.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance ofFood science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Toxin exposure and HLA alleles determine serum antibody binding to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Clonal Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Presence of Genes Encoding Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cut Wound Infections.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Methicillin-resistantVirulence · 2021Article
- Long-Term Sinonasal Carriage ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Endogenous HLA-DQ8αβ programs superantigens (SEG/SEI) to silence toxicity and unleash a tumoricidal network with long-term melanoma survival.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Review
- Allergy-A New Role for T Cell Superantigens ofToxins · 2020Review
- Article
- Dendritic Cells InternalizeMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- High Prevalence ofGenes · 2019Article
- Regulation of the Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Protein 1 Gene of Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantToxins · 2019Article
- Impact of Superantigen-Producing Bacteria on T Cells from Tonsillar Hyperplasia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- TBAScientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Bovine Staphylococcus aureus Superantigens Stimulate the Entire T Cell Repertoire of Cattle.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Manipulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by Staphylococcal Superantigens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PCR was employed to determine the presence of all known superantigen genes (sea, seq, and tst) and of the exotoxin-like gene cluster (set) in 40 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood cultures and throat swabs; 28 isolates harbored superantigen genes, five on average, and this strictly correlated with their ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation. In contrast, the set gene cluster was detected in every S. aureus strain, suggesting a nonredundant function for these genes which is different from T-cell activation. No more than 10% of normal human serum samples inhibited the T-cell stimulation elicited by egc-encoded enterotoxins (staphylococcal enterotoxins G, I, M, N, and O), whereas between 32 and 86% neutralized the classical superantigens. Similarly, intravenous human immunoglobulin G preparations inhibited egc-encoded superantigens with 10- to 100-fold-reduced potency compared with the classical enterotoxins. Thus, there are surprisingly large gaps in the capacity of human serum samples to neutralize S. aureus superantigens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.