ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Relative importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in the causation of severe diarrheal disease in the gnotobiotic piglet model by a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produces multiple enterotoxins.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of a single oral dose of recombinant double mutant heat-labile toxin derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Trial
- Hybrid enteric-extraintestinal lineages in astA-positive Escherichia coli: Molecular characterization and high-risk MDR clones in Neonatal Calves.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Impact of low-crude protein and insoluble fiber diets on post-weaning diarrhea, growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gene expression for nursery pigs with natural rotavirus and subject to enterotoxigenicTranslational animal science · 2026Article
- An Asset for Food Safety: The Knowledge Behind the Physiological Alterations Induced by ETEC Enterotoxins.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- ETEC biofilms are regulated by magnesium and lactate bioavailability.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- In-Feed vs. In-Water Chlortetracycline Administration on the Fecal Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Pathotypes ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Heterologous prime-boost immunization of two-component vaccine candidate PWDVax protected pigs against F18 enterotoxigenicInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- A RecombinantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in maternally separated piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis.Journal of advanced research · 2023Article
- Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Decreases Macrophage Phagocytosis of EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Both LTA and LTB Subunits Are Equally Important to Heat-Labile Enterotoxin (LT)-Enhanced Bacterial Adherence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Summary of methodology used in enterotoxigenicTranslational animal science · 2023Review
- Heat-labile enterotoxin enhances F4-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells by upregulating bacterial adhesins and STb enterotoxin.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Effect of chronic and acute enterotoxigenic E. coli challenge on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, microbiome, and metabolome of weaned piglets.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- RNA-seq reveals a novel porcine lncRNA MPHOSPH9-OT1 induces CXCL8/IL-8 expression in ETEC infected IPEC-J2 cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Dietary inclusion of multispecies probiotics to reduce the severity of post-weaning diarrhea caused byAnimal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2021Article
- Coimmunization with Two Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Fimbrial Multiepitope Fusion Antigens Induces the Production of Neutralizing Antibodies against Five ETEC Fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41).Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- CEACAMs serve as toxin-stimulated receptors for enterotoxigenicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Cyclic nucleotides, gut physiology and inflammation.The FEBS journal · 2020Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce multiple enterotoxins are important causes of severe dehydrating diarrhea in human beings and animals, but the relative importance of these enterotoxins in the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Gnotobiotic piglets were used to study the importance of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) in infection with an ETEC strain that produces multiple enterotoxins. LT(-) (DeltaeltAB) and complemented mutants of an F4(+) LT(+) STb(+) EAST1(+) ETEC strain were constructed, and the virulence of these strains was compared in gnotobiotic piglets expressing receptors for F4(+) fimbria. Sixty percent of the piglets inoculated with the LT(-) mutant developed severe dehydrating diarrhea and septicemia compared to 100% of those inoculated with the nalidixic acid-resistant (Nal(r)) parent and 100% of those inoculated with the complemented mutant strain. Compared to piglets inoculated with the Nal(r) parent, the mean rate of weight loss (percent per hour) of those inoculated with the LT(-) mutant was 67% lower (P < 0.05) and that of those inoculated with the complemented strain was 36% higher (P < 0.001). Similarly, piglets inoculated with the LT(-) mutant had significant reductions in the mean bacterial colony count (CFU per gram) in the ileum; bacterial colonization scores (square millimeters) in the jejunum and ileum; and clinical pathology parameters of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis (P < 0.05). These results indicate the significance of LT to the development of severe dehydrating diarrhea and postdiarrheal septicemia in ETEC infections of swine and demonstrate that EAST1, LT, and STb may be concurrently expressed by porcine ETEC strains.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.