ArticleJournal of bacteriology2004
The PmrA-regulated pmrC gene mediates phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A and polymyxin resistance in Salmonella enterica.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting Antibiotic Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Whole-genome insights into a multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming, and pathogenic Salmonella Umbilo isolate and molecular characterization of rare Salmonella serovars from poultry.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Investigation of colistin-resistant non-humanMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A found in five distinctMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Structure and function of Salmonella inner membrane.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bifunctional glycolipids targeting TLR4·MD-2 and short pentraxins.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- Genomic and GWAS-Based Insights into Antimicrobial Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanistic and clinical insights into a PmrB mutation driving colistin resistance and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fine-tuned GPT-based foundation models effectively reconstruct bacterial transcriptional regulatory networks from literature.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Protein-centric mechanisms of typhoidalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Engineering low-endotoxin lipid A in a double auxotrophFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Mutations in two-component signaling systems drive experimental evolution of tigecycline and colistin resistance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Mechanistic basis of antimicrobial resistance mediated by the phosphoethanolamine transferase MCR-1.Nature communications · 2025Article
- PmrA Mutations in Drug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Colistin resistance plasmids dually enhance bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance via surface polysaccharide biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Detection, Genomic Characterization, and Antibiotic Susceptibility ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomic Repertoire of Twenty-Two Novel Vibrionaceae Species Isolated from Marine Sediments.Microbial ecology · 2025Article
- Metagenomics Disentangles Differential Resistome Traits and Risks in Full-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants under Ambient, Mesophilic, and Thermophilic Conditions.ACS environmental Au · 2025Article
- Distinct transcriptome and traits of freshly dispersedmSphere · 2024Article
- The multifaceted roles of phosphoethanolamine-modified lipopolysaccharides: from stress response and virulence to cationic antimicrobial resistance.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The PmrA/PmrB regulatory system of Salmonella enterica controls the modification of lipid A with aminoarabinose and phosphoethanolamine. The aminoarabinose modification is required for resistance to the antibiotic polymyxin B, as mutations of the PmrA-activated pbg operon or ugd gene result in strains that lack aminoarabinose in their lipid A molecules and are more susceptible to polymyxin B. Additional PmrA-regulated genes appear to participate in polymyxin B resistance, as pbgP and ugd mutants are not as sensitive to polymyxin B as a pmrA mutant. Moreover, the role that the phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A plays in the resistance to polymyxin B has remained unknown. Here we address both of these questions by establishing that the PmrA-activated pmrC gene encodes an inner membrane protein that is required for the incorporation of phosphoethanolamine into lipid A and for polymyxin B resistance. The PmrC protein consists of an N-terminal region with five transmembrane domains followed by a large periplasmic region harboring the putative enzymatic domain. A pbgP pmrC double mutant resembled a pmrA mutant both in its lipid A profile and in its susceptibility to polymyxin B, indicating that the PmrA-dependent modification of lipid A with aminoarabinose and phosphoethanolamine is responsible for PmrA-regulated polymyxin B resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.