ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2004
Predicting bacterial cause in infectious conjunctivitis: cohort study on informativeness of combinations of signs and symptoms.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Bacterial conjunctivitis.BMJ clinical evidence · 2012Pooled it
- Acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: who needs antibiotics? An individual patient data meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2011Pooled it
- Bacterial conjunctivitis.BMJ clinical evidence · 2010Pooled it
- Differentiation of etiologic agents of bacterial keratitis from presentation characteristics.International ophthalmology · 2012Trial
- 3-day treatment with azithromycin 1.5% eye drops versus 7-day treatment with tobramycin 0.3% for purulent bacterial conjunctivitis: multicentre, randomised and controlled trial in adults and children.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2007Trial
- The treatment of acute infectious conjunctivitis with fusidic acid: a randomised controlled trial.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2005Trial
- In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Propamidine 0.1% and Other Ophthalmic Antiseptics on Conjunctivitis and Blepharitis Strains.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis in the South of Vietnam.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- An Update on Viral Conjunctivitis Treatment Strategies: A Narrative Literature Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Use of Large Language Models to Classify Epidemiological Characteristics in Synthetic and Real-World Social Media Posts About Conjunctivitis Outbreaks: Infodemiology Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- AI in conjunctivitis research: assessing ChatGPT and DeepSeek for etiology, intervention, and citation integrity via hallucination rate analysis.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Topical Antibiotic Therapy in the Ocular Environment: The Benefits of Using Moxifloxacin Eyedrops.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Corneal Specialists' Confidence in Identifying Causal Organisms of Microbial Keratitis.Current eye research · 2024Article
- Pediatric Conjunctivitis: A Review of Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Scanning Electron Microscopy of Conjunctival Scraping: Our Experience in the Diagnosis of Infectious Keratitis with Negative Culture Tests.Reports (MDPI) · 2023Article
- Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Conjunctivitis: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Specialist Eye Hospital in Ghana, 2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Ocular Surface Infection Mediated Molecular Stress Responses: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A Review of the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis: Implications for Treatment and Management.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo find an efficient set of diagnostic indicators that are optimally informative in the diagnosis of a bacterial origin of acute infectious conjunctivitis.
designCohort study involving consecutive patients. Results of index tests and reference standard were collected independently from each other.
setting25 Dutch health centres.
participants184 adults presenting with a red eye and either (muco)purulent discharge or glued eyelid(s), not wearing contact lenses.
main outcome measuresProbability of a positive bacterial culture, given different combinations of index test results; area under receiver operating characteristics curve.
resultsLogistic regression analysis showed optimal diagnostic discrimination for the combination of early morning glued eye(s), itch, and a history of conjunctivitis. The first of these indicators increased the likelihood of a bacterial cause, whereas the other two decreased it. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for this combination of symptoms was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.80). The overall prevalence of bacterial involvement of 32% could be lowered to 4% or raised to 77%, depending on the pattern of index test results.
conclusionA bacterial origin of complaints indicative of acute infectious conjunctivitis can be made much more likely or unlikely by the answers to three simple questions posed during clinical history taking (possibly by telephone). These results may have consequences for more targeted prescription of ocular antibiotics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.